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Toulmin
Do you know your stuff
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| Deduction | An answer that is already there and is figured through accumulated information | |
| Induction | An answer that is suggested after extensive research, and can be disproven or backed up with more information | |
| Claim | The meaning and reason that an argument is about | |
| Grounds | A specific reason or piece of evidence that further explains a claim | |
| Warrant | Giving details that explain why your reasons/evidence is sound | A hole in the argument that is filled with obvious information |
| inductive warrants | "Representative samples" that are "inconclusive and simplicity" | Trend Line Scatter Plot |
| deductive warrants | Complex vs. Simple; Common understandings and Simple Parallels | A=B, so B=A 3.14 is π |
| Backing | The backbone of an argument that explains why your reasons and evidence are good, why the audience should care | |
| Modality | General terms that define what is being asserted via character and scope | |
| Qualifiers | word or phrase to qualify the meaning of a noun | may, could, hardly any, seldom |
| Quantifiers | indication of the scope that is trying to be conveyed | all, some, both |
| Character | How far the argument wants to go and how further persuasion using key terms | necessary, probably, plausibly, possibly |
| Scope | terms that indicate how much of the argument can be considered true at a given point | few, rarely, often, perhaps, usually, (etc.) |
| Rebuttal | when the opposition has already be given and the argument is to define its position | |
| Steven Toulmin | British philosopher that was influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein | |
| Toulmin Method | A six part method, created by Steven Toulmin,that calls for the reader to ask questions about the text. |