Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Informational Terms
Reading and informational terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Analogy | Analogy is a point-by point comparison made between two things to show how they are alike. An analogy shows how something unfamiliar is like something known. |
| Argument | An Argument is a position supported by evidence. Arguments are used to persuade is to accept or reject an opinion on a subject. Arguments are also used to persuade us to act in a certain way. |
| Bias | A learning in favor of or against a person or issue is called bias. Sometimes a writer's bias is obvious.For instance, Rudyard Kipling in "rikki-tikki-tavi reveals his bias against snakes. |
| cause and effect | A cause is the event that makes something happen. An effect is what happens as a result of the cause. Storytellers use the cause and affect organizational patter to develop their plots. |
| Chronological Order | Most narrative texts, true or fictional, are written in chronological order. Writers use this when they put events in the sequence, or order, in which they happened in the time, or order. |
| Compare and contrast patterns | When you compare, you look for similarities, or likenesses. When you contrast, you look for differences, You used comparison and contrast many times. For instance, you might compare a dog and cat it looks different and it comes from different species. |
| Conclusions | A conclusion is a general summing up of the specific deatils in a text. |
| Connotation and denotation | The connotation of a word is all the feelings and associations that have come to be attached to the word. The denotation of a word is its strict dictionary definition. |
| Context Clues | When you dont know the meaning of a word, look for a clue to its meaning in the context, the words and sentences surrounding the unfamiliar word. |
| Ecidence | When you read informational and persuasive texts, you need to assess.The evidence that a writer uses to support a position.That means you need to read carefully, looking critically at the writers clams and assertions. |
| Fact and Opinion | A fact is a statement that can be proved true. Some facts are easy to prove by observation. For instance, cats make different vocal sounds is a fact you can prve by listing to cats meow an purr. |
| Fallacious Reasoning | Fallacious means false. |
| 5W-HOW? | The first paragraph of a news story, called the lead paragraph, usually answers the questions who? What? when? Where? why? and how? |
| Generalization | A generalization is a broad statement that covers several particular situations |
| Graphic features | Graphic features are design elements in a text. They include things like headings, maps, charts, graphs, and illustrations. Graphic features |
| Images | Descrptive writing appeals to the senses to create mental images, pictures in the reader's mind. Most description appeals to the sense of the sight, but description can also appeal to one or ore of the other senses. |
| Inference | An Inference is an educated guess, a conclusion that makes sense because its supported by evidence. The evidence may be a collection of facts, imformation that can be proved, or it may come from experiences in your own life. |
| Instructional Manuals | Instructional Manuels tell you how to operate a specific device, such as VCR or a car. Instructional manuals contain detailed directions, usally organized in chronoligical steps. |
| KWL Chart | Using a KWL chart is a way to focus your reading and record what you learn. When you use a KWL stragey, you first skim the text is. |
| Main Idea | The most important point or focus of a passage is its main idea. Writers of essays, nonfiction narratives, and imformational articls have one or more main ideas in mind as they write a text. |
| Newspapers | Are informational texts that present facts about current events.Newspapers may also contain feature articles that aim to entertain as well inform. |
| Objective Writing | Sticks to the facts. It does not reveal the writer feeling, beliefs, or point of view about the subject. |
| Outlining | Informational text can help you identify main ideas and understand how they are related to one another. Outline also shows you the important details. |
| Persuasion | Persuasion is the use of language or pictures to convince us think or act in certain way. |
| prediction | guessing what will happen next in a narrative text is reading skill called making predictions. |
| Propaganda | is an organized attempt to influence a large audience of readers, listeners, or TV watchers, Propaganda techniques are used in all kinds of persuasive texts. |
| Purposed of Texts | Texts are written for different purposes: to inform, to persuade to express feeling, or to entertain. The purpose of text, or the reason why a text is written, determines its structure, the way the writer organizes and presents the material. |
| Reading Rate | The speed at which you read a text is your reading rate. How quicklly or slowly you should read depends on the type. |
| Retelling | The reading strategy called retelling helps you identify and remember events that advance the plot of a story. Retelling is also useful when you read informational texts, such as science or history texts. |
| SQ3R | The abbreviation stands for a reading and study strategy that makes place in five steps. |
| Signs | Signs are probably the briefest informational texts you see. Sighs give drivers information about road conditions. |
| Stereotyping | Referring to all members of a group as if they were all the same is called stereotyping. |
| Subjective Writing | Writing that reveals and emphasizes the writers personal feeling and opinions is called subjective. |
| Summarizing | Restating the main ideas or major events in a text is called summarizing. A summary of text is much shorter than the original. |
| Text Structures | There are some basic ways in which writers structure informational texts. |
| Textbooks | Textbook are informational texts written to help students learn about a subject. |
| Writers Perspective | Perspective is the way a person lookes at a subject. Some people have a negative perspective. |
| Alliteration | The repetition of the same or very similar consonant sounds in words that are close together. Though alliteration usually occurs at the beginning of words, it can also occur within or at the end of words. |
| Allusion | A reference to a statement, a person, a place, or an event from literature, history, religion, mythology, politics, sports, or science. Writers expect readers to recongize an allusion and to think, almost at the same. |
| Atmosphere | The overall mood or emotion of a work of literature. A works atmosphere can often be described with one or two adjectives, such as scary, dreamy, happy, sad, or nostalgic. |
| Autobiography | The story of a persons life, written or told by that person. Maijue Xiong wrote an autobiography called " An Unforgettable Journey. |
| Biograpgy | The story of a real persons life, written or told by another person. Milton Meltzer has written a number of biographies of historical figures, such as George Washington. |
| Character | A person or animal who takes part in the action of a story, play, or other literary work. In some works, such as Aesops fables, a character is an animal. |
| Conflict | A struggle or clash between opposing characters or opposing forces. In an external conflict a character struggles against some outside force. |
| Connotation | The feelings and associations that a word suggests. For example, tiny, cramped, and compact all about the same dictionary defention. |
| Denotation | The literal, dictionary definition of a word. |
| Description | The kind of writing that treats a clear image of something, usally by |
| Dialect | A way of speaking that characteristic of a particular region or group people. |
| Dialogue | A conversation between or more characters. Most stages dramas consist of dialogue together with stations. |
| Drama | A story written to be acted for an audience. In a drama, such as The Monsters Are Due on Maple street. |
| Essay | A short piece of nonfiction prose that examines a single subject. Most essays can be categorized as either personal or formal. |
| Fable | A brief story in prose or verse that teaches a moral or gives a practical lesson about how get along in life. |
| Fiction | A prose account that is made up rather than true. The term fiction usually refers to novels and short stories. |
| Figure of Speech | A word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of something else and is not literally true. |
| Flashback | An interruption in the action of a plot to tell what happened at an earlier time. A flashback breaks the usual movement time. |
| Folk Tale | A story with known author that originally was passed on form one generation to another by word of mouth. |
| Foreshadowing | The use of clues to suggest events that will happen later in the plot. |
| Free Verse | Poetry without a regular meter or a rhyme scheme. |
| Imagery | Language that appeals to the senses. |
| Irony | In general, a contrast between peculation and reality. |
| Main Idea | The most important idea pressed in a paragraph or in an entire essay. |
| Metamorphosis | A marvelous change from one shape or form to another one |
| Metaphor | An imaginative comparison between two unlike things which one thing is said to be another thing. |
| Mood | The overall created by a work of literature. |
| Motivation | see character |
| Myth | A story that explains something about the world and typically involves gods or other superhuman beings. |
| Novel | A fictional story that is usually more than one hundred book pages long. |
| Onomatopoeia | The use of words whose sounds echo their sense. |
| Personification | A figure of speech in which a nonhuman or nonliving thing or quality is talked about as if it were human or alive. |
| Plot | The series of related events that make up a story. |
| Poetry | A kind of rhythmic, compressed language that used figures of speech and imagery designed to appeal to emoting and imagination. |
| Point of View | The vantage point from which a story is told. |
| Refrain | A group of words repeated at in laterals in a poem, song, or speech. |
| Rhyme | The repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them in words close together in a poem |
| Rhythm | A musical quality produced by the repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables or by the repetition of curtained other sound patters. |
| Setting | The time and place in which the events of fa work of literature take place. |
| Short Story | A fictional prose narrative that is usually ten to twenty book pages long. |
| Simile | A comparison between two unlike things, using a word such as like, as, than, or resembles. |
| Speaker | The voice in a poem. |
| Stanza | In a poem of consecutive lines that forms a single unit. |
| Supense | The uncertainty or anxiety yo feel about what will happen next in a story. |
| Symbol | A person, a place, a thing, or an event that has its own meaning and stands for something beyond itself as well. |
| Tall Tale | An exaggerated, fanciful story that gets more more far-fetched, the more it is told and retold. |
| Theme | The truth about life realest work of literature. |
| Tones | The attitude that a writer takes ward the audience, a subject, or a chance. |
| Ambiguity | Normally, to be “ambiguous,” me you look for words which have multiple, contrary, or opposite meanings. If a poet describes his loved one’s eyes as “nothing like the sun,” the poet might be saying that her eyes are brighter (or dimmer), more yellow (or or |
| Nuance | If you are looking for nuances, you are trying to find shades of meaning. Example: If a poet talks about her breath and says “in some perfumes is there more delight/Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks” you might first think that she has sweet b |
| Irony | Just as you would find it ironic to be run over and injured by an ambulance (designed to take care of the injured), you would find it ironic that your friend described his girl friend as having eyes that were “squinty and, with eye shadow, appear as two h |
| Figurative Language | There are over 200 separate figures of speech, but many are so similar that it makes little difference that you know them all. Most are compare something with something else. It is more important that you know how the poet works the language so you have b |
| Simile | n the following two lines from a sonnet, the poet (Shakespeare in this case) compares (or contrasts) his lover’s eyes to the sun and the color of her lips to read coral. |
| Metaphor | ere Shakespeare says that her cheeks do not contain roses (literally speaking), where he really means that they do not much color in them, thereby suggesting she is quite pale. The figure of speech used by Shakespeare is a metaphor – an indirect (no so ob |
| Imagery | Images are picture words, but they go beyond referring to just the visual. They are words that the poet or any writer, for that matter, uses to add color, sound, taste, and motion to description. Coral is far more red, than her lips read uses the imagery |
| Symbol | A symbol is both itself and what it stands for. For example, when we watch a video of the song “America the Beautiful” and we see and eagle, the eagle is not only and eagle, but also a symbol of American freedom. The association we make between the eagle |
| Style and Diction | These terms refer to how words are strung together in sentences, thereby focusing on word choice, rather than content. The way in which something is expressed adds subtle meaning to an idea. For example, |
| Tone and Mood | Tone (or mood) is the writer’s attitude or the feeling communicated toward his readers and his subject. A writer may express a feeling or formality, informality, playfulness, irony, and especially, optimism or pessimism. The mood in Hughes’ poem “Harlem” |
| Theme | The central idea or unifying generalization implied or stated by literary work. It is important to distinguish between the subject of a piece of literature and the theme of the piece. The subject of “Harlem” by Langston Hughes is the dreams we have of suc |
| Rythem | the repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables |
Created by:
Stefano
Popular English Vocabulary sets