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Biology 18
Birds and Mammals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1.Which structures of the bird's digestive system compensate for its lack of teeth? | bill and gizzard |
| 3.Give two functions of the air sacs in a bird's respiratory system. | oxygen/help make the bird light |
| 6.What are the most acute sense in birds? How does this illustrate design? | sight God allowed it see food. |
| 1.What are the two most common methods male birds use to attract mates? | courtship through appearance and song |
| 2.What is the yolk of a bird's egg? | food source for embryo |
| 2.What is the proper name of the egg white, and of what is it made? | albumen made of protein |
| 4.What are the two major reasons a bird migrates? | keep warm/find food |
| 1.When a bird sings it uses its syrinx. true or false | true |
| 2. Which of these is true to all birds? | They are all oviparous. |
| 4._________ feathers are a type of ________ feathers | Flight feathers are a type of contour feathers |
| 6. The food passes from a bird's proventriculus directly to his ___ | gizzard |
| 9. The common outlet for a bit's excretory and productive systems is called the | cloaca |
| 10. Which is these sense is most important to birds? | sight |
| 11. Which bird is flightless? | ostrich , emu , kiwi |
| Does a turkey fly? | yes |
| 13. The clear substance inside a bird egg is known as___ | albumen |
| 14. Altricial chicks usually | are blind and naked |
| 1. All mammals breathe air, are endothermic, and have mammary glad to produce milk, but not all animals have | teeth |
| 2. Name the three types of teeth/ | incisor,canine, molar |
| Is baleen a tooth? | no |
| 3. The diaphragm is most important to a mammal when is is | breathing breathing |
| 5. Which mammal system (s) is/are affected during hibernation? | circulatory, respiratory, excretory |
| 6. The umbilical chord | connects the embryo to the placenta |
| 7. The biggest difference between monotremes and marsupials is that monotremes | lay eggs |
| 8. All mammals, including marsupials and monotremes have mammary glands | true |
| 10The mammalian order with the greatest number of species is | rodentia |
| 11. The order Carnivora includes all of the following | dogs cats bears (not dolphins) |
| 12. The world's largest living creature is a | cetacean (blue whale) |
| 14. The main trait that separates the ungulates into two order is | toes |
| 1. Which characteristics of class Aves separate birds for other classes of vertebrates? | no teeth (beak made of keratin); oviparous (lay eggs), feathers, wings, thin and hollow bones, two lungs connected to many air sacs, endothermic (warm blooded) |
| 2. Describe a feather. How do birds care for their feathers? | preening |
| 3. Describe the two major types of feathers and tells their functions. | contour-appearance flight, camouflage down-insulation |
| 4. List and describe four types of bird's wings and give an example of a bird that has each kind. | swimming, grasping, perching, wading |
| 5. List and describe four types of birds' feet. | |
| 6. List six characteristics of the bird's skeleton. | |
| hollow chambers connected to the respiratory system of birds | air sacs |
| What are the purposes of feathers? | keep them warm and control their temperature |
| What type of feathers covers the whole body of the bird and includes flight feathers? | contour |
| Are the wings and tails made of contour feathers? | yes |
| This type of feather has less color and not seen. it is an under layer, cushion, insulation. | down |
| Name five purposes of feathers? | insulation to provide heat, aerodynamics -reduce drag in flying, cushion fragile skeletal systems, camouflage from predators, attract a mate |
| How are the feathers on the wings and tail different and why? | stiff/assist in flying |
| What do feathers grow from? | papillae |
| What is the pretty, flat part of the feather? | vane |
| What is the shaft within the vane? | rachis |
| What is the shaft from the papilla to the vane? | quill |
| This is when a bird uses its beak to smooth out feathers by spreading the oil produced at the base of the tail? | preening |
| What is the purpose of oil glands in birds and people? | prevent water absorption/keeps them waterproof |
| Where are the majority of oil glands on humans and what does this cause? | face/acne |
| When feathers get ruffled, why do the birds smooth them by preening? | better aerodynamics (better flying) |
| This a highly organized way birds lose feathers | molting |
| How is it organized? | They lose one feather from one wing and the same father falls from the same spot on the other wing. |
| Will another feather be lost until the lost ones are replaced? | no |
| What are the bird appendages? | wings, feet, legs |
| What are wings used for? | flying |
| Describe the feet of birds. | three or four claws |
| Describe the legs of birds? | covered with scales |
| What type of feet do birds have that swim? | webbed |
| Wrens and song birds have a locking device that helps them grab onto a branch; this is called | perching |
| True or false The feet of birds relates to how they get their food and their lifestyle | true |
| Toes for grabbing and killing prey | grasping |
| Long, thin widely spread toes that do not sink in the mud | wading |
| The sternum of a bird has a wide ridge called a | keel |
| What does the keel allow? | attachment of flight muscles |
| This is the name of the collarbone (wishbone0 | clavicle |
| Do birds have many of the same bones with the same names as humans? | yes |
| Does the skeleton of the bird allow free movement of the head? | yes |
| How does having free moving vertebrate of the tail help the bird? | helps in guiding flight |
| Describe the owl. | talons to catch mice/ good sight/nocturnal-awake at night |
| These help the birds to have fresh oxygen all through the body. | air sacs |
| Where is excess heat discharged? | through the lungs by exhaling |
| How are penguins able to live in icy waters? | |
| What are three birds of prey? | eagle, hawk, falcon |
| What do vultures and buzzards feed on | dead animals |
| What feature helps owls hunt at night? | soft flight (quiet), large eyes, night vision |
| List the three groups of water birds? | swimming, diving, wading |
| This is the bird's song box. | syrinx |
| What is the sound box of humans | larynx |
| How fast the song box vibrates is called | pitch |
| What is the heartbeat rate for birds? | 1000 bpm |
| How many chambers does a bird's heart have? | four |
| How many kidneys does a bird have? | two |
| Does a bird have a bladder? | no |
| Does a bird store urine and feces? | no |
| What is the most important sense for a bird? | sight (hunt for food) |
| What is the next important sense for a bird? | hearing (protect them from predators) |
| Does a bird have a large cerebrum? | yes |
| Why do birds need a large cerebrum? | many complex instincts |
| nursery for developing baby young | nest |
| Why are there no nests in Antartica | no nesting materials |
| How do penguins incubate the egg? | between their toes |
| Do penguins fly? | no |
| Can you eat an egg when it is just fertilized? | yes |
| What are the two classification of chicks after they hatch? | altricial/precocial |
| When chicks emerge naked, blind, and helpless (robins and sparrows) | altricial |
| When chicks hate and they do not need their parents? | precocial |
| Which has a longer incubation period?(altricial or precocial) | precocial |
| Are ducks altricial or precocial? | precocial |
| Do all birds migrate? | no |
| Give three reasons birds migrate? | to stay in a warm climate all year round/to find food/raise their young in a good environment |
| Give five characteristics of mammals. | breathe air, endothermic (constant body temp), four chambered hearts, have a diaphragm and lungs, have mammary glands, have hair |
| This type of hair is soft and insulating next to the skin | underhair |
| This type of hair is coarser and on the of the under hair and gives the animal color | guard hair guard hair |
| Do young birds eat more than their weight in food? | yes |
| Where does the food of a bird go? | to the crop |
| This is part of the stomach that contains sand and stones swallowed by birds to help break down food | gizzard |
| Food passes through the intestines and exits the bod through the | cloaca |
| Where are eggs fertilized? | cloaca |
| These types of teeth are for gnawing or biting. | incisors |
| These types of teeth are for tearing | canines |
| These types of teeth are for grinding and chewing | molars |
| Herbivores -These animals eat plants that contain cellulose which enters a part of the stomach used for storage and breaking down cellulose | ruminants (part of stomach called rumen) |
| Give the name of an animal that is a ruminant | cow |
| The cow regurgitates (food goes up and down) a | cud |
| Instead of cellulose, carnivores take in ________which is easier to digest | carnivors (humans) |
| Carnivores have a _________digestive track and only one section in the stomach | shorter |
| For respiration and circulation in mammals they have _____and ____ | lungs and diaphragm |
| This is the muscle that separates the lungs of a mammal from the abdominal organs/ air is drawn into the lungs by its contraction. | diaphragm |
| When the diaphragm contracts? (goes down) | lungs expand and pull in air |
| Do all mammals hibernate? | no |
| During hibernation what happens? | metabolic rate drops, respiration decreases, excretion decreases, conserve energy, less waste (feces, ruing) |
| The part of the brain that deals with instinct. It is the outer portion. | cerebrum |
| What part of the brain takes up the largest part of the skull? | cerebrum |
| The young of mammals are nurtured by a ____________ that brings in oxygen and nutrients from other to embryo. | placenta |
| When a female's ovum is ready for fertilization? (also called heat in animals) | estrus |
| This has blood vessels that connect the embryo to the placenta during the development inside the mother's uterus. | umbilical chord |
| What kind of glands produce milk? | mammary |
| When do mammary glands begin to produce milk? | fertilization |
| This is the period of gestation when the embryo receives nourishment from the mother. | pregnancy |
| period of gestation | pregnancy |
| Oxygen and nutrients are exchanged between the mother and the embryo through the ___________ | placenta |
| These mammals produce young without a placenta. | marsupials |
| This is the female reproductive structure | uterus |
| In marsupials, when the offspring leaves the uterus it goes to a ___ | pouch |
| What mammal lays eggs? | platapoos |
| What is the only marsupial that lives outside Australia? | Opossum (our possum) |
| Which mammal reproduces very quickly? | rhodent |
| These are egg laying mammals that incubate their eggs in pouches. | monotremes |
| Give two examples of monotremes. | platypoos/echidras |
| ORDER RHODENTIA | rhodents/ two sets of strong, chisel shaped teeth |
| What is the largest mammalian order? | rodents because they produce large litters in one year like squirrels and mice |
| ORDER CARNIVORA | hunt live prey/ large predators--cats, dogs, bears |
| ORDER CETACEAN | whales, dolphins, porpoises (have flippers and fins) |
| Which animals have blowholes in the tops of their heads? | whales and dolphins |
| What is the largest living organism? | blue whale - a Cetacean-comes up for air |
| ORDER PRIMATE | monkeys, apes -chimpanzees |
| This animal uses tools such as sticks for weapons and is considered one of the smartest animals in the wild. | chimpanzee |
| Characteristics of primates | opposing thumbs, nails on most toes and fingers, social |
| ORDER UNGULATES | hoofed animals like horses, zebra, and rhinos |
| Characteristics of Ungulates | odd number of toes (one or three); herbivores (horse) |
| ORDER CHIROPTERA | flying mammals like bats |
| What do bats feed on? | fruit and nectar; small bats eat bugs, some feed on the blood of birds |
| ORDER SIRENIA | sea cows like manatees and dugongs Herbivores that are peaceful and calm /no harm, breathe through nostrils |
| This order is calm and breathes through its nostrils. | Sirenia |
| This order is the monkeys. | Primate |
| This order is the flying mammals. | Chiroptera |
| This order is the hoofed animals. | Ungulates |
Created by:
12baker