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Chem 1 Sec 2
Atoms, Molecules, and Compounds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "X" represnts | Element |
| Atomic number | # of protons in the nucleus |
| Mass Number | # of nucleons in the nucleus |
| How are isotopes different? | Different total # of nucleons |
| How do you determine the masses of Isotopes? | Mass Spectrometer |
| What info does the mass spectrometer provide? | The mass and the relative abundance of the element's isotopes |
| Each isotope is represented by | Relative Abundance |
| How many isotopes does Hydrogen have? | 3 |
| How many isotopes does Boron have? | 2 |
| How many isotopes does Neon have? | 3 |
| How many isotopes does Magnesium have? | 3 |
| Look at Table 2.2 Isotope Abundnace | - |
| The atomic mass on the periodic chart are | Weighted averages |
| How many isotopes does Chlorine have? | 2 (Cl-35) (Cl-37) |
| Cl-35 | Atomic mass- 35, Protons-17 |
| Cl-35 mass and relative abundance | 34.96885 u, 75.53% |
| Cl-37 | Atomic mass- 37, Protons-17 |
| Cl-37 mass and relative abundance | 36.96590 u, 24.47% |
| Look at Isotope problem | - |
| Who developed the modern periodic table? | Dimitri Mendeleev |
| What did Mendeleev argue about? | Elemental properties are periodic functions of atomic weights |
| Refer to the Periodic Table | - |
| Refer to Regions in the Periodic Table | - |
| Group 1A | Alkali Metals |
| Alkali metals | Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs |
| What state of matter is alkali metals and their reactivity? | Solids and are reactive with water to produce H+ and basic solutions |
| Where are these metals found? | Only in nature/ they are never free elements |
| Group 2A | Alkaline Earth Metals |
| Alkaline earth metals | Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra |
| What state of matter are AEM? | They are solids and are found naturally only in compounds |
| How do AEM react? | Except Be, they react with water to produce basic solutions |
| What are Mg and Ca? | 7th and 5th most abundant element's in the earth's crust |
| Group 3A | All are metals except Boron is a metalloid |
| Al is the abundant metal in what? | Earth's crust at 8.2% by mass |
| Gallium is one of the few metals that can do what? | Become liquid at room temperature |
| Refer to Gems and Minerals | - |
| Group 4A | Nonmetal (C), Metalloids (Si & Ge), Metals (Sn & Pb) |
| Because of the change from nonmetallic to metallic behavior... | More variation occurs in the properties of the elements of this group than in most others |
| What does Group 4A form with its elements? | Compounds with Analogous formulas |
| Allotropes | Nonmetal elements that have their own physical and chemical properties |
| How much does Nitrogen take up in earth's atmosphere? | 3/4 |
| What is a single oxygen atom considered as? | Atomic Oxygen |
| In addition to nitrogen there are several elements that exist in nature such as... | Diatomic and polyatomic molecules |
| Oxygen | 20% of earth's atmosphere and combines with most elements |
| Where does most energy come from? | Oxygen combining with other substances |
| What is Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium? | Chalcogens |
| Group 7A: Halogens | Nonmetals; most reactive elements out of all |
| Group 7A combines with who? | Alkali metals to form salts such as table salt |
| What is the Greek word for Halogens? | salt |
| What is Group 8A known as and their reactivity? | Noble gases; least recative |
| Group 8A state of matter | All gases and are not abundant on earth or its atmosphere |
| What is between groups 2A and 3A? | Transition elements |
| Which transition metals are abundant in the earth's crust and are metals? | 13 are metals; 30 are abundant in the earth's crust |
| Cu, Ag, Au, and Pt can be found where? | In nature as pure substances; less recative |
| Elements combine to do what? | Form compounds |
| How are compounds and elements different? | Have different chemical and physical properties than before |
| Compounds | 2 or more elements in definite ratios by mass |
| Molecules | The smallest unit of a compound that retains its characteristics of the compound (nonmetal +nonmetal) |
| Compounds are never presented with what? | Half numbers |
| Molecular formula | #'s & types of each atom |
| Condensed formula | Indicates structure |
| Structural formula | Shows the connections (bonds) |
| Molecular Model | Give 3-D perspective |
| Ionic compounds | metals and nonmetals |
| What do ionic compounds consist of? | Ions |
| What are ions? | Atoms of groups of atoms that bear positive or negative electric charge |
| What compounds are composed of ions? | Table salt and Sodium Chloride |
| Cations | Removing an electron producing a positive charge |
| Anions | Adding an electron producing a negative charge |
| Look at Predicting Ion Charges to Naming Ionic Compounds | - |
| Memorize Polyatomic Ions | - |
| Electrostatic Forces | Makes cations and anions (oppositely charged ions) attracted to one another |
| Look at Coulomb's Law Equation | - |
| If ion charges increase... | The attractive forces between ions increase |
| As the distance between the oppositely charges increase | Attractive forces decrease |
| Memorize Naming Molecular Compounds | - |
| Ionic compounds are identified as... | Metals and nonmetals combining |
| Avogadro's number | 6.0221415 x 10^23 |
| Look at Counting Atoms: The Mole till the END | - |
Created by:
animalsavior
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