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Chapter 16 Vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| conquistador | conquerors |
| immunity | resistance |
| alliance | formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense |
| civil war | war fought between two groups of people |
| viceroy | representatives who ruled in his name |
| plantation | large estates run by an owner or the owner's overseer |
| ecomienda | the right to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans in a particular area |
| peon | workers forced to labor for a landlord in order to pay off a debt |
| peninsular | member of the highest class in Spain's colonies in the Americas |
| creole | person in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was an American born descendant of Spanish settlers |
| mestizo | person in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was of Native American and European descent |
| mulatto | in Spain's colonies in the Americas, person who was of African and European descent |
| privateer | pirate |
| missionary | someone sent on a religious mission |
| revenue | money taken in through taxes |
| compact | agreement |
| triangular trade | independent state that has to acknowledge the supremacy of another state and pay tribute to its ruler |
| repeal | cancel |
| monopoly | complete control of a product or business by one person or group |
| inflation | economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available |
| capitalism | economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for proft |
| entrepreneur | person who assumes financial risks in the hope of making profit |
| joint stock company | private trading company in which shares are sold to investors to finance business ventures |
| mercantilism | policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply or gold and silver |
| tariff | tax on imported goods |
| Tainos | lived in villages and grew corn, yams, and cotton, which they wove cloth into it |
| Hernan Cortes | one of the earliest conquistador landed in Mexico in 1519, was helped my Manlince |
| Malinche | young Indian woman who served as Cortes translator and adviser |
| Moctezuma | Aztec emperor, didn't want stranger to continue into Tenochtitlan |
| Fransico Pizarro | arrived in Peru in 1532, Pizarro captured Atahualpa |
| Atahualpa | was killed by the spanish |
| Council of the Indies | passed laws for the colonies, it closely monitored colonial officials to make sure they did not assume too much authority |
| Bartolome de la Casas | condemned the evils of the encomienda system |
| New Laws of the Indies | forbidden enslavement of Native American |
| Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz | refused admission to the University of Mexico because she was girl, she entered a convent at 16 |
| Samuel de Champlain | built the firs permanent French settlement in Quebec |
| Louis XIV | set out to strengten royal power and boost revenues from his overseas empire |
| Jamestown | english first permanent colony in Virginia |
| Pilgrims | 1620, other english settlers landed in Pilgrims |
| Mayflower Compact | which sets out guidelines for governing their North American colony as an important early step toward self-government |
| French and Indian War | war raged from 1754 to 1763 |
| Treaty of Paris | ended the worldwide war, ensured British dominance in North America |
| Middle Passage | second leg the slaves were transported to the West Indies |
| Asante | Osei Tutu won control of the trading city of Kumasi from there he conquered neighboring hoods and organized the kingdom |
| Usman dan Fodio | scholar and preacher denounced the corruption of the local Hausa rulers |
| Boer | ducth farmers |
| Shaka | built the on the success of earlier leaders who had begun to organize young fighters into permanent regiments |
| Great Trek | boer famlies joing this |
| Columbian Exchange | when columbus returned to Spain he brought with him new plants and animals because global exchange began with Columbus |
| commercial revolution | opening of direct links with Asia, Africa, and he Americas had farreaching economic consequences for Europeans |
| putting-out system | sparated capital and labor for the first time. From this system controlled by merchants the next step would be the capitalist-owned factories of the Industrial Revolution |
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daniela.villegas