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Chapter 3
Tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| All epithelial sheets are attached to underlying connective tissue via the basement membrane – a thin extracellular layer Attached via _______ | Hemidesmosomes |
| 2 parts of Basement membrane. 1- ______ is made of a thin layer of collagen fibers, laminin, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Is secreted by epithelial tissue. 2. _____ - thin layer of collagen fibers, lies closer to and is secreted by connective tissue. | 1. Basal lamina 2. Reticular lamina |
| Specialized contacts Epithelial cells uses to fit closer together to form continuous sheets (excluding glandular tissue). (A-E) | A:Tight Junctions B: Adheren junctions C: Desmosomes D: Hemidesmosomes E: Gap Junctions |
| ________ - Strands of transmembrane proteins that bind the outer membranes together preventing the passage of molecules between adjacent cells. Found in cells lining stomach, intestines and bladder to prevent contents from the blood or interstitum | Tight Junctions |
| _______ - Fluid filled tunnels that connect adjacent cells through connexons – fluid filled tunnels Allows for communication and fast spreading of nerve and muscle impulses for fast travel between cells | Gap Junctions |
| dense layer of proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches to both membrane proteins and to the cytoskeleton | Plaques |
| transmembrane glycoproteins that insert into the plaque in the cell membrane and extend into the intercellular space to another cadherin from an adjacent cell | Cadherins |
| Bind cells by using plaques and cadherins to form adhesive belts that completely encircle a cell Plaques are attached to microfilaments Aid in resisting separation during contractile activities | Adherens |
| Similar to adherens; however, the plaques bind to intermediate cytoskeletal filaments which attach to a plaque on the opposite side of the cell Contributes to stability of cell and resists tension | Desmosomes |
| Similar to desmosomes but uses integrins instead of cadherins Used to anchor the epithelium to the underlying connective tissue | Hemidesmosomes |
| All _______ tissues are AVASCULAR They LACK a blood supply Depend on the underlying CT for nutrients | Epithelial |
| _________ tissues are INNERVATED. They are supplied by nerve fibers. If not, you wouldn't be able to feel pain. | Epithelial |
| REGENERATION: continue to regenerate throughout life under normal conditions; ie. Epithelial cells of the skin | Labile cells |
| REGENERATION: stop regeneration after puberty unless injury or surgery ie. Kidney or liver cells | Stabile cells |
| REGENERATION: cease to regenerate after birth; ie. Nerve cells and muscle cells | Permanent cells |
| Shape: Flat; scale-like cells | Squamous |
| Shape: cube-like cells | Cuboidal |
| Shape: tall cylindrical cells | Columnar |
| Shape: Transitional - change shape from cuboidal to squamous under stretching; ie. Urinary Bladder | Transitional |
| Number of layers: 1 layer. Function in absorption, secretion and filtration | Simple |
| Number of layers: 2 or more layers. Function in protection | Stratified |
| Tissue Type: Found lining blood vessels, Air sacs | Simple Squamous |
| Tissue Type: Superficial layer of skin; insides of mouth | Stratified Squamous |
| Tissue Type: Lines the urinary tract: bladder, ureters and urethra | Transitional |
| Tissue Type: Found lining ducts of glands | Simple Cuboidal |
| Tissue Type: Found in ducts of sweat glands | Stratified Cuboidal |
| Tissue Type: Found lining upper respiratory tract | Psuedostratified |
| Tissue Type: found lining the GI tract | Simple Columnar |
| Tissue type: Very rare, lines large ducts of some glands and parts of the urethra | Stratified Columnar |
| Where is mesothelium located? | Lining body cavities |
| _____: One or more cells that make and secrete/export a production (secretion) | Gland |
| Classification of glands dependent on where the product is released | Endocrine / Exocrine |
| Classification of glands dependent on number of cells making up the gland | Unicellular / multicellular |
| ________ Glands are ductless glands that produce and secrete hormones directly ionto the extracellular space and/or blood stream. (Internal Secretions) | Endocrine Glands. EX - Pituitary gland , pancreas, ovaries/testes, thyroid, hypothalamus. Secrete: modified amino acids and steroids |
| ______ glands secrete products directly into ducts: External Secretions. Secrete products directly onto skin or into body cavities or lumens of hollow organs. Can be unicellular or multicellular | Exocrine glands |
| ____ glands secrete mucous | Mucous glands |
| _____ glands secrete oil | Sebaceous glands |
| _____ glands secrete sweat | Sweat glands |
| ______ glands secrete saliva | Salivary glands |
| ______ secretes digestive enzymes | Pancreas |
| _____ secretes bile | Liver |
| Multicellular Exocrine glands are composed of two parts: | Acinus (secretory portion) / duct |
| ______ is supplied by supporting connective tissue that extends into the gland creating lobes. | Acinus |
| Classification of Exocrine Glands by duct: | Simple: un-branched duct, Compound: Branched duct |
| Classification of Exocrine Glands by acinus: | Tubular: forms tubes, Alveolar/ acinar: small sacs, Tubuloalveaolar: both tubes and sacs |
| Mode of Secretion: _______ Glands - Secrete products via exocytosis as they are produced | Merocrine glands. EX: sweat and salivary glands |
| Mode of Secretion: _____ Glands - Accumulate their products until they rupture. | Holocrine Glands. EX: Sebaceous glands |
| Mode of Secretion: ____ Glands - Accumulate their products at apical cell which pinches off. | Apocrine Glands. EX: Mammary glands |
| Most abundant and wide-spread tissues in teh body | Connective tissue |
| Functions of Connective Tissue | Binds, supports and stregthens other tissues. Protects and insulates organs. Compartmentalizes skeletal muscles. Stores energy. Major Transport System. |
| ________ cells give rise to the cells of the Connective Tissue. | Mesenchymal cells |
| __________ cells: immature cells taht can divide and also excrete extracellular matrix for that specific tissue | Blast cells |
| Types of cells found within connective tissue: Fibroblasts | loose and dense CT |
| Types of cells found within connective tissue: Chrondroblasts | Cartilages |
| Types of cells found within connective tissue: Osteoblasts | Bone |
| Types of cells found within connective tissue: Macrophages | Immune cells that wander through the connective tissue to engulf foreign material |
| Types of cells found within connective tissue: Plasma Cells | Immune cells that secrete antibodies and proteins |
| Types of cells found within connective tissue: Mast cells | Produce histamine that dilates blood vessels during the inflammatory response |
| Types of cells found within connective tissue: Adipocytes | Store fat |
| Types of cells found within connective tissue: Leukocytes (white blood cells) | Found within blood and can gather around teh site of an infection |
| Types of cells found within connective tissue: Erythrocytes (red blood cells) | Found within blood |
| Characteristics of Connective tissue: ____ Fibers add strength and support. Very strong and resist pulling forces. Often occur in parallel bunches, made up of collagen proteins, found in most types of connective tissue. | Collagen Fibers |
| Characteristics of Connective Tissue: _____ Fibers - smaller branched fibers that form networks, made up of elastin protein and a glycoprotein fibrillin. Can be stretched 150% of its relaxed length. Found in skin, blood vessel walls, lung tissue. | Elastic fibers |
| Characteristics of Connective Tissue: _____ fibers - smaller collagen fibers arranged in fine, branched bundles. Provide support in the walls of blood vessels and underlying organs. | Recticular fibers |
| ____________ - liquid, gel or solid substance found between the cells and fibers that is the medium through which substances are exchanged: contains water, proteins, carbohydrates. | Ground Substance |
| ______ - embryonic connective tissue eventually forming all other connective tissues | Mesenchyme |
| Types of Loose Connective Tissue | Adipose, Areolar, Reticular |
| Types of Dense connective Tissue | Dense Regular, Dense Irregular, Elastic |
| Types of Cartilage | Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage |
| Other connective tissue | Bone, blood, lymph |
| Location of Loose and Dense Connective Tissues: Areolar | Areolar (loose connective tissue) - under epithelium |
| Location of Loose and Dense Connective Tissues: Adipose | Adipose (loose connective tissue) - fat |
| Location of Loose and Dense Connective Tissues: Dense Regular | Dense Regular ( dense connective tissue) - tendons/ ligaments |
| Location of Loose and Dense Connective Tissues: Dense Irregular | Dense Irregular ( dense connective tissue) - Dermis |
| Location of Loose and Dense Connective Tissues: Elastic | Elastic (dense connective Tissue)- Lungs, arteries |
| Location of Loose and Dense Connective Tissues: Reticular | Reticular (loose connective tissue) - lymphatics |
| All cartilage contain _________ which reside in ______ | Chondrocytes; lacunae (open spaces) |
Created by:
jb747