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NBCOT Vocab
Agnosia/ Aphasia,movement disorder terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agnosia | inability to recognize familiar objects |
| Anosognia | Inability to recognize deficits |
| Associative Visual Agnosia | Able to describe features and shape of an object with an inability to recognize it |
| Auditory Agnosia | inability to recognize differences in sound |
| Prosopagnosia | Inability to recognize faces |
| Metamorphosia | visual distortion even if object is recognized accurately ( Size/shape) |
| Simultiagnosia | Inability to recognize two things at once |
| Visual-spatial Agnosia | deficit in perceiving spatial relations |
| Topographoagnosia | impairment in interpreting maps |
| Enviromental agnosia | get lost in familiar places. Can read maps but cannot find way around |
| Tactile Agnosia | Inability to recognize items by touch |
| Apractoagnsia | several different ataxic/agnostic syndromes all centered around a lack of perspective: Body scheme disorders Apraxia for dressing constructional apraxia Unilateral spatial agnosia |
| Apraxia | Inability to perform skilled movements in abscence of loss of motor power, sensation or coordination |
| Constructional Apraxia | Impairment in producing designs of two or three dimensions ie: copying, drawing, or construction |
| Ideomotor Apraxia | Inability to IMITATE GESTURES or perform PUTRPOSEFUL TASK ON COMMAND |
| Ideational Apraxia | Inability to coordinate SEQUENTIAL movements due to a lack of conception rather than execution |
| Buccofacial/ orofacial Apraxia | Inability to perform facial movements( whistling, winking,ect.) |
| Limb-kinetic apraxia | Inability to make precise movements of the arm or leg |
| Verbal Apraxia | Difficulty coordinating mouth and speech movement |
| Involuntary non-repetitive movement but occasionally stereotyped movement affecting musculature in varying combinations | Dyskinesias |
| Brief purposeless, involuntary movements of the face and distal extremities | Chorea |
| Dystonia | Results in sustained abnormal postures and disruptions of ongoing movement resulting from alterations in the muscle tone. Could be general or focalized. |
| Brief,rapid contraction of muscle or muscles | Myoclonus |
| Tremor | 2 types: resting and action or intention Rhythmic, alternating, oscillatory movement produced by repetitive patterns of muscle contraction and relaxation |
| Ataxia | Lack of motor coordination |
| Ambient Vision | Peripheral vision |
| Amblyopia | Loss of acuity in one eye |
| Diplopia | Double vision |
| Anterograde disorientation | Inability to learn new environments with an ability to find way around old ones ( known for 6 months or more) |
| Apperceptive visual agnosia | Inability to even recognize simple shapes, copy or match |
| Astigmatism | Vision blurred both at near and far distances |
| Autopagnosia | Disturbance of body scheme |
| Cataracts | Results in a loss of transparency and decreased visual acuity |
| Conditional reasoning | Examines and tries to understand how client capabilities affect performance |
| Consolidation | Integration of new memories into existing cognitive linguistic framework |
| Contrast Sensitivity | Low contrast acuity |
| Convergent Thinking | Thinking process used to recognize and analyze relevant and missing information |
| Declarative Memory | Enables conscious recollection of past facts and events |
| Depth Perception | The ability to judge depth and distances |
| Dressing Apraxia | The inability to dress oneself because of a disorder of body scheme and/or spatial relations |
| Dynamic Assessment | Assesses the individual's CAPACITY, aims to measure POTENTIAL TO LEARN, attempts to modify performance through examiner assistance |
| Dynamic Interactional Approach | bj |
| Ecology of Human Performance Model | Assumes it is impossible to understand an individual without understanding context |
| Egocentric disorientation | Topographical disorientation secondary to visual diorientation |
| Emmetropia | Absence of refractive error |
| Encoding | Begins with selective attention and is a means by which information is transformed in working memory to be stored efficiently in long term memory |
| Errorless Learning | Clients are cued as they learn a new skill to prevent them from making errors, if an error is made, it is corrected immediately. Cueing is reduced as the client becomes more competent |
| Estropia | Eyes turn in |
| Episodic memory | Knowledge of previously experienced event along with awareness that event occurred in one's past |
| Explicit Memory | Information that can be consciously declared to have been learned or experienced |
| Visual Cognition | Highest level of visual skills integration in the nervous system: serves as the basis for academic activities ability to mentally manipulate and integrate visual information to solve problems, plan,ect. |
| Working Memory | Temporary storage and manipulation of information kept for active use; can deal with approx. 7 pieces of information at a time |
| Yoked prisms | Used to affect the client's spatial and MIDLINE AWARENESS |
| Visual inattention | Decreased awareness of body and spatial environment on the side contralateral to the lesion despite the absence of a specific sensory deficit; visual neglect |
| Visual extinction | Inability or severe limitation in perceiving two objects at once with an ability to process a single visual stimuli |
| Visual acuity | Resolution power of the eye |
| Strabismus | Misalignment of the eyes |
| 3 dimensional vision | Stereopsis |
| Spatial Relations | Ability to perceive the position of two or more objects in relation to self and each other |
| Smooth pursuit eye movements | Keep an image steady on retina visual scanning |
| Sensory memory | First phase of information processing, very short-term that is either transferred or degenerates |
| Semantic memory | Involves general facts and knowledge about the world |
| Scotoma | Blind spot |
| Saccadic eye movements | Rapid eye movements that change the line of sight; jump eye movements |
| Vigilance | Ability to sustain attention over a period of time; 30 seconds is considered a vigilant period in a mental status exam |
| Vergence | Change in relative position of the axes |
| Vergence System | Aligns eye to maintain binocular focus and vision |
| Vestibular Occular Reflex | Along with vestibular controlled eye movements and visually controlled eye movements maintains a stable gaze activated in the labyrinth: stabilizes eye gaze by producing an eye movement of equal velocity and oppposite direction of head movement |
| Figure ground Perception | The ability to distinguish foreground from background |
| Field of Fixation | Area where central fixation can be accomplished by moving the eyes and not the head |
| Functional MRI | Registers blood flow to functioning areas of the brain |
| Focal Vision | Provides attention to important features of an object for perception and discrimination |
| Haptic System | Nonvisual means to identify objects, includes cutaneous and kinsethetic recpetors |
| Functional reorganization | Type of brain plasticity that involves reweighting of functional interactions between brain regions |
| Hypertropria | One eye turns up |
| Hyperphoria | Eye turns down |
| Implicit Memory | Does not require conscious awareness of a prior experience to remember |
| Glaucoma | Intraocular pressure too high; commonly damages optic nerve resulting in visual field loss and if left uncontrolled can lead to total blindness |
| Heading disorientation | Inability to generate directional info from landmarks that are recognizable or perceive and remember spatial relations between landmarks in the environment |
| Non declarative memory | Info that is learned or acquired during skill development |
| Myopia | Nearsightedness |
| Midline shift | Info to the right of mid-line is attended to and to the left is poorly attended |
| Macular degeneration | Results in central visual field loss due to a scotoma |
| Landmark agnosia | Inability to recognize and use landmarks for the purpose of orientation |
| Lagophthalmos | Deffective closure of the lid |
| Intransitive movements | Movements that convey ideas or feelings |
| Interactive Reasoning | Tries to understand client's needs, interests,and values to understand disability from client's perspective |
| Dysmetria | Overshooting or undershooting a target |
| Occular dysmetria | difficulty in controlling visual range |
| Optokinetic Reflex | Activated during sustained movement and takes over the function of VOR |
| Oscillopsia | Sensation that the world is moving |
| Pattern recognition | Ability to identify shape,contour, general and specific features of an object |
| Ptosis | Drooping of eyelid |
| Prospective memory | Remembering to complete an ax in the future |
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