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Math Chapter 2

QuestionAnswer
bar graph Used to represent the frequencies or relative frequencies for categorical data. It is constructed as follows: (1) On the horizontal axis, provide a label for each category. (2) Draw rectangles of equal width for each category. The height of each rectangle
clustered bar graph Graph useful for comparing two categorical variables and often used in conjunction with crosstabulations. Each set of bars represents a single category of one variable across all categories of the other categorical variable.
crosstabulation A tabular method for simultaneously summarizing the data for two categorical (qualitative) variables
frequency Also called count, it refers to the number of observations in each category.
frequency distribution A listing of all the values (for example, categories) that a qualitative variable can take, together with the frequencies for each value.
pareto chart A bar graph in which the rectangles are presented in decreasing order from left to right
pie chart A circle divided into sections (that is, slices or wedges), with each section representing a particular category. The size of the section is proportional to the relative frequency of the category.
relative frequency The frequency of a variable divided by its sample size.
relative frequency distribution The listing of all values that the variable can take, together with the relative frequencies for each value.
bell-shaped curve Curve that represents the shape of a normal distribution.
class Represents a range of data values and used to group the elements in a data set.
class boundary Found by taking the sum of the upper class limit of a class and the lower class limit of the class to its right, and dividing this sum by two.
class midpoint The average of two consecutive lower class limits.
class width The difference between the lower class limits of two successive classes.
distribution A table, graph, or formula that identifies the variable values and frequencies for all elements in the data set
variable A characteristic of an element, which can assume different values for different elements
dotplot A simple graph in which each data point is represented by a dot above the number line. When the sample size is large, each dot may represent more than one data point.
frequency polygon Constructed as follows: (1) for each class, plot a point at the class midpoint, at a height equal to the frequency for that class, and (2) join each consecutive pair of points with a line segment.
histogram A graphical summary for quantitative data that is constructed using rectangles for each class of data. The heights of the rectangles represent the frequencies or relative frequencies of the class. The widths of the rectangles represent the class widths of
symmetric An image is considered this if there is a line that splits the image in half so that one side is the mirror image of the other.
cumulative frequency distribution Shows, for a discrete variable, the total number of observations less than or equal to the category value. For a continuous variable, it shows the total number of observations less than or equal to the upper class limit.
cumulative relative frequency distribution Shows the proportion of observations less than or equal to the category variable (for a discrete variable) or the proportion of observations less than or equal to the upper class limit (for a continuous variable).
ogive The graphical equivalent of a cumulative frequency distribution or a cumulative relative frequency distribution. Like a frequency polygon, it consists of a set of plotted points connected by line segments. The x coordinates of these points are the upper c
time series plot A graph of time series data. The horizontal axis represents time (for example, hours, days months, years). The values are plotted on the vertical axis, and line segments are drawn to connect the points.
Created by: emilyncarper789
 

 



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