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20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the most accurate method for determining blood and urine composition | microscopic examination |
| what strips are available for fast general results | chemical reagent |
| PSA stands for | prostate specific antigen |
| PSA determines what | prostate cancer and malignacy |
| this is the single most important laboratory examination for urinary tract | urinalysis |
| a 24 hour urine sample is used to determine what | urinary and adrenal conditions |
| during a 24 hour study what are looked at in the urine | BUN creatinine catecholmine concentrations |
| three hormones that the kidneys relase | EPO Renin calcitriol |
| EPO does what | bone marrow and rbc |
| Renin does what | regulates BP |
| calcitriol does what | active form of vit d maintains calcium and chemical blance |
| this is encapsulates the kidneys and suprarenal glands | garotas renal fascia |
| the ______ and ______ lie in the cortex of the kidney | glomerulus and bowmans capsule |
| the inner layer of the bowmans capsule contains what kind of epithelial cells | podocytes |
| these send out multiple branches that adhere to the capillaries of the glomerulus | podocytes |
| podocytes act like a | filtering system |
| the suprarenal sit on the | supermedial surface of the kidneys |
| the pancreas lies across the ___ of the left kidney | hilum |
| The kidneys lie obliquely along the vertebral column, abutting the _____ muscles. | psoas major |
| Anteriorly, the _____ kidney is related to the liver, duodenum, ascending colon or right colic flexure, and small intestine | right |
| The ___ is related to the spleen, stomach, pancreas, descending colon or left colic flexure, and small intestine | left |
| The ___ for the renal vessels and ____ is situated on the medial border and leads into a recess termed the renal sinus | hilus and ureter |
| The ____ and ______ near the hilus form the pedicle, | ureter and renal vessels |
| The ___________, which is longer than the right, passes anteiro to the aorta and drains not only the kidney but also the suprarenal gland, gonad, diaphragm, and body wall | left renal vein |
| The renal cortex forms a shell around the medulla. | renal cortex |
| ________ are parts of the kidney that collect urine before it passes further into the urinary tract. | Renal calyces |
| a small funnel-shaped cavity of the kidney into which urine is discharged before passing into the ureter | renal pelvis |
| The adrenal cortex is responsible for creating three different types of hormones: | mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids gonadocorticoids . |
| these conserve sodium in the body, these increase blood glucose levels, and these regulate sex hormones such as estrogen. | mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids gonadocorticoids |
| this produces epinephrine and norepinephrine | the inner medulla of the adrenals |
| ______(disease) which is the creation of too much cortisol, | Cushings disease, |
| _____(disease) which occurs when not enough cortisol is created | Addison's disease |
| a small visceral branch of the abdominal aorta that arises from the aorta itself, the renal artery, or the celiac artery | inferior phernic |
| first major branch of the abdominal aorta | celiac acces |
| The _____ arteries arise from the sides of the aorta at about the level of the superior mesenteric artery. | middle suprarenal |
| The_____ artery is a major blood vessel in the digestive system. | superior mesenteric |
| Where the kidney curves inwards in a concave shape, the_____is found, which is an opening where the ______ enters | hilum renal artery |
| gland grows, it can press on the urethra and cause urination and bladder problems. | BPH |
| Undescended testicle | cryptochotdism |
| occurs when the spermatic cord (from which the testicle is suspended) twists, cutting off the testicle's blood supply, a condition called ischemia | testicular torsion |
| kidney ureters and bladder exam an (ap view) radiographic view basic info | KUB |
| once called IVP enhancement of the KUB that injects contrast medium in vein | IVU intravenous urogram |
| this is like a IVU but the contrast medium is injected into the ureters with cystoscope | retrograde urogram |
| nuclear medicine detect and locate pheochromocytoma | MIBG metaiodbenzylguanine |
| a vascular tumor of the adrenal medulla hypersecretion of epi norepi | pheochromocytoma |
| the only accurate way determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type | biopsy |
| visualization of the affected structures, tissue and fluid samples | endoscopy |
| adrenal tumor blood in urine medullary area bp issues | pheochromocytoma |
| blood in urine smoking cause hemacheria | bladder tumors |
| caused by not enough water blocks the ureter pain is number 1 sign | urinary calculi |
| four kinds of urinary calculi | calcium magnesium ammonium phosphate uric acid cystine |
| most common calculi | calcium |
| cholesterol is the cause of what stones | gallstones |
| flex scope and grab or laser then grab to remove | cystourethroscopy lithotomy |
| done outside of the body blast with a balloon pull out through the flank of the ribs | percutaneous lithotomy |
| lots of masses in the kidneys kills them genetic dialysis is needed | polycystic kidney disease |
| kimmelstiel wilson disease glamorous harding end stage renal failure | diabetic nephropathy |
| shunt and gore tex grafts support work | hemodialysis |
| first major anterior artery to arise from the abdominal aorta inferior to the diaphragm; it branches into the hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries | celiac axis (CA) |
| arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum | inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) |
| arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney | left renal artery (LRA) |
| leaves the posterolateral wall of the aorta; travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to enter the hilum of the kidney | right renal artery (RRA) |
| receive tributaries from the lower extremities and drain into the inferior vena cava | iliac veins |
| group of muscles that originate at the hilum of the kidneys and lie lateral to the spine | psoas major muscle |
| The ______ normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. | renal arteries |
| they usually pierce the upper or lower part of the organ. | One or two accessory renal arteries |
| They branch off of the inferior vena cava and drain deoxygenated blood from the kidneys | renal veins |
| The _____ plays an important role in removing excess fluid from the kidneys | renal lymphatic system |
| tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. In humans there are two ureters, one attached to each kidney. | ureters |
| is at first related to the posterior border of the ovary; it then lies in the uterosacral ligament and is crossed anteriorly by the uterine artery. | female ureters |
| The______is supplied mainly by the superior and inferior vesical arteries, which arise directly or indirectly from the internal iliac artery. The veins drain into the internal iliac vein. | bladder |
| The muscle in your bladder wall is called the . | detrusor muscle |
| The______ is the area on the floor of the bladder where the urethra begins. | neck of the urinary bladder |
| The______thickens to form the internal urethral sphincter, which helps control urination. | muscular layer of the bladder wall |
| the inner wall retracts into many folds | bladder |
| consists of four layers | bladder |
| is composed of epithelial cells | inner layer, or mucous coat, |
| ______is made up of connective tissue and contains many elastic fibers. | The second layer, or submucous layer, |
| _______, is primarily made up of coarse bundles of smooth muscle fibers. | The third layer, or muscular coat |
| The portion of the detrusor muscle around the neck of the bladder forms an internal ______ which controls the excretion of urine | urethral sphincter, |
| ______ is made of the parietal peritoneum. | The outer layer, or serous coat, |
| The _______ is a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice. | trigone |
| thick walled with small lumen | ureters |
| extraperitoneal connective tissue and the pelvic course in the retroperitoneal space | ureters |
| vasscular supply for the ureters come from the branches of the ______ and _____ ,______ | superior inferior vesical artery |
| the two corpora cavernosa are positioned on the ___ side of the penis | dorsal |
| the ______ lies in the middle | corpus spongiosum |
| the corpus spongiosum expands distally forming a conical structure called the _____ | glans penis |
| the raised and backward pointing margin of the glans penis is called the | corona |
| the urethra passes thorough the corpus spongiosum and opens to the exterior vial a slit like opening called the | meatus |
| at the end of the penis skin that is free fold is called | prepuce |
| prepuce cover | glans |
| the ________ passes along the dorsal midline of the penis | superior dorsal vein |
| the ____ urethra passes through the prostate gland the urethral sphincter the perineal membrane and the penis | male |
| name the three parts of the male urethra | prostatic membranous and spongy |
| the ejeclatory duct opens on each side of the urethral structure called the | prostatic utricle |
| this gland provide the female urethra with lubrication | skenes |
| blood supply comes via the | inferior vesical and vaginal branches of the internal iliac artery |
| vascular supply to the bladder come from the | superior and inferior vesical arteries |
| nephrons do what | remove waste |
| tiny blood vessels filtering unit holds normal proteins and cells letting waste by | renal corpuscle aka glomerulus |
| proximal convoluted tubes loop of henle distal convoluted tubes aka | bowmens |
| foreskin sticks to the glans of the penis | phimosis |
| urethra never forms at the tip of the penis | hypospadius/ epispadius |
| this is a adrenal disease glamorous mets to the lungs/brain | renal cell carcinoma |
| toxins build up into the body because of this disease | end stage renal disease ESRD |
| 70% kidney function we can do this kind of dialysis | peritoneal |
| moon face gains weight hypertension hairy emotional these are all signs of what disease | cushing |
| we use what test to find out if the person has pheochromocytoma | MIBG scan |
| cystoscope urethroscope nephroscope are all | endoscopy |
| the most common rigid scope to look in the bladder is the | cystoscope |
| this scope is used for prostate cases retracts tissue | resectoscope |
| congital kidney disease males | h & p |
| IVU RPG MIBG KUB are all | radiological findings |
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