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English 12
BC ENG12 JAN2014 - terms to know
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| first person POV | “I” – solely the POV of the narrator; reader only knows as much as the narrator |
| third person omniscient POV | “God Mode” – narrator knows characters’ thoughts and feelings |
| third person limited omniscient POV | narrator knows thought and feelings of main character, but not necessarily others |
| third person objective POV | “fly on the wall” – narrator is completely outside the action and simply relates it as he/she sees it happening |
| anti-climax | a disappointing end to an exciting or impressive series of events |
| dramatic irony | the reader knows something the characters do not |
| situational irony | what happens ≠ what is expected |
| verbal irony | what is said ≠ what is meant |
| mood/atmosphere | also called ambience; the “feeling” presented in the story through the way the author describes scenes or plot events |
| tone | the author’s attitude towards his/her subject or audience |
| style | the characteristics and techniques of an author’s writing |
| climatic order | to save the most important to last |
| assonance | the repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds within words in close proximity |
| consonance | the repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds within words in close proximity |
| dissonance | the deliberate use of syllables or words that sounds harsh together |
| Petrarchan sonnet | a 14 line lyric poem in iambic pentameter consisting of two parts: the octave (ABBA ABBA) the sestet (CDECDE octet = question/problem sestet = answer/resolution also called Italian sonnet |
| Shakespearian sonnet | a 14 line lyric poem in iambic pentameter consisting of: 3 quatrains (ABAB CDCD EFEF) a concluding couplet (GG) quatrains = theme couplet = conclusion or emphasize main point |
| blank verse | unrhymed iambic pentameter |
| ballad | a fairly short poem telling a story with simple dramatic action (usually having to do with tragic event, popular legend, courageous act, or great love) |
| ballad stanza | a 4 line stanza that has a ABAC rhyme scheme |
| meter | a rhythm of accented and unaccented syllables which are organized into patterns, called feet |
| feet | groups of meters (stressed/unstressed pattern) |
| stressed (short) | / |
| unstressed (long) | u |
| iambic pentameter | consists of five iambs (an iamb being one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed |
| allusion | a brief, underdeveloped reference to a presumably familiar place, event, or figure from history, literature, mythology, or the Bible |
| thesis | a statement that presents the main argument in an essay |
| anti-thesis | a rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence for achieving a contrasting effect: eg. Speech is silver, but Silence is Gold. |
| anecdotal evidence | usually relate to how certain types of evidence cannot be used to logically conclude something |
| stylistic technique | the techniques used by an author in his or her writing |
| form | the structure of a piece of writing |
| dramatic form | various literary forms that are related and include dramatic material |
| subjective | (language tone etc.) – language that can be interpreted in different ways depending on the reader |
| contrast | showing differences between or among things |
| active voice | describes the relationship between the action (and state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). When the subject is the agent or actor of the verb, the verb is in the active voice |
| drama | writing presented in the form of a pantomime, play, or dialogue in front of an audience |
| myth | usually a story about a god or gods, that is intended to explain something unknowable |
| fable | a short tale with animal characters that teaches a moral lesson |
| legend | a story handed down from the past about a specific person, usually |
| ode | a poem expressing lofty emotion, often celebrate an event, addressing nature or some admired person, place or thing |
| parody | a poem that imitates the rhythm and structure of another, more recognizable poem; make fun of, for satire |
| pastoral | a brief poem that focuses on scenes from rural or pastoral life; it often contains descriptions of shepherds an idealized views of life |
| editorial | an opinion piece about any topic |
| biography autobiography | a non-fictional account of someone's life a non-fictional account of a person's life written by the subject |
| soliloquy | a speech made alone on stage which reveals the characters true thoughts and feelings |
| monologue | a speech made by a single character with other players on stage (does not have to do with thoughts and feelings) |
| interior monologue | a piece of writing expressing a character's inner thoughts |
| dramatic monologue | a poem in the form of a speech or narrative by an imagined person, in which the speaker inadvertently reveals aspects of their character while describing a particular situation or series of events |
| apostrophe | a figure of speech consisting of words addressing an inanimate object, abstract idea, or person were alive; also, words addressing an absent person as though he were present |
| colloquialism | phrases or words that are used in informal conversational language, but not yet part of the standard language i.e. not in dictionary |
| connotation | The cluster of implications that words or phrases may carry with them, as distinguished from their denotative, or exact, meanings |
| epic | a poem that is a long narrative, has a hero or anti-hero, uses elevated language, and in which the outcome of a group of people is based on the success or failure of the protagonist |
| jargon | the set of technical terms associated with a particular profession or group of people, only understood by certain people |
| juxtaposition | an act or instance of placing close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast |
| satire | a work that expresses that follies and the weakness of a person or institution, often using humor |
| allegory | an extended narrative, which carries a second meaning along with its surface story; the people and events are symbolic |
| cacophony | a combination of harsh, unpleasant sounds, which create an aggregate effect |
| analogy | an explanation of one thing by comparing it point by point with something else |
| diction | the choice of words and word order in a work of literature |
| didactic | writing used to teach or convince the reader of a particular point |
| epigram | a short verse at the beginning of a poem or novel |
| prologue epilogue | an introductory speech or written passage at the start of a work of literature a short addition of concluding section at the end of a literary work, often dealing with the future of its characters |
| euphemism | using mild/delicate language to replace what may be unpleasant or blunt |
| farce | a light humorous play |
| frame story | a preliminary narrative within which one or more characters proceeds to tell another story; literal story within a story |
| idiom | the phrase is understood as to mean something quite different from what individual words of the phrase would imply |
| proverb | a phrase, describing an example of a basic truth that is transferred to common situations: eg. the pen is mightier than the sword, don’t put all your eggs in one basket |
| melodrama | a dramatic form characterized by excessive sentiment, exaggerated emotion, sensational and thrilling action, and an artificially happy ending |
| pathos | scene or passage designed to evoke feelings of tenderness, pity, or sympathetic sorrow |
| propaganda | biased writing with extreme examples meant to sway an audience to a certain POV |
| refrain | a line or lines that are repeated in music or verse |
| passive voice | the subject of the sentence is neither a do-er or a be-er, but is acted upon by some other agent or by something unnamed |
| denotation | the specific, exact meaning of a word, independent of its emotional coloration or associations |
| euphony | agreeable sounds produced by a succession of mellifluous words |
| objective | (language tone etc.) – not about the thoughts of the speaker or writer; giving the facts as they are without bias |
| compare | showing similarities between or among things |
Created by:
bchow
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