Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Atoms
Structure & Stability of Atoms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5th century B.C. the Greek philosopher expressed the belief that all matter is composed of very small, invisible particles, which he names ______ = uncuttable or indivisible | Democritus, atomos |
| Indivisible building blocks of matter called atoms | John Dalton |
| Can not create something new or destroy the atoms; Separates, Combines, or Rearranges atoms | Chemical Reaction |
| Atoms made of more than one element; the ratio of the numbers of atoms of any two of the elements present is either an integer or a simple fraction. | Compounds |
| What are each element made of? | Atoms |
| You can not create or destroy matter (element/atom)- What is the name of john Dalton's law? | Law of conservation of mass |
| What is the basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination | Atom |
| What is inside an atom? | Subatomic particle |
| What are the 3 example (inner core of an atom) subatomic particles? | protons, electrons, & neutrons |
| Which one has a positive charge, proton, neutron, electron? | Electron |
| Which part of the Ray tube carries electrons and has a positive charge? | Cathode Ray, Electron |
| Tells us that moving charged body behaves like a magnet and can interact with electric and magnetic fields through which it passes | Electromagnetic Theory |
| Who discovered the Electron? | JJ Thomson |
| Unit of an electric charge | -1.76 x 10^8 C/g; C stands for coulomb |
| Unit charge of an electron | -1.60 x 10^-19C |
| What is the mass of an electron formula? | Charge/ Charge/Mass -> -1.60x10^-19 C over -1.76 x 10^8 C/g = 9.09 x 10^28g |
| Spontaneous emission of particles and/or radiation | Radioactivity |
| Term used to describe the emission and transmission of energy through space in the form of waves | Radiation |
| What does a radioactive substance does? | Decays, & Breaks down spontaneously |
| Who discovered the X-ray? | Wilhelm Rontgen |
| Who discovered the radioactivity in uranium, a compound that can darken photographic plates? | Antoine Becquerel |
| Who discovered elements that has radioactivity? | Marie Curie |
| What are the two elements that Marie Curie discovered? | Polonium & Radium |
| What are the 3 types of rays emitted by radioactive elements? | Aplha (a) Rays/particles (positive charge)B Rays or B particles, or beta rays(negative charge), gamma rays (y rays) neutral |
| Which ray has no affect by an external electric field and are high in energy? | Gamma ray |
| By the early 1900s 2 features of atoms became clear | They contain electrons and they are electrically neutral |
| Nucleus | Atoms are located in the central core within the atom |
| Protons | The positively charged particles in the nucleus; each has a mass of 1.67252 x 10^-24g |
| Which subatomic particles carries the same quantity of charge and is heavier than the opposite charged electron? | Protons |
| How much does the nucleus volume carry? | 1/10^13 |
| A common non-SI unit for atomic length is? | Angstom; 1 Angstrom = 100 pm; 1 pm = 1x10^-12m |
| A typical atomic radius is about _____ __ | 100 pm |
| The radius of an atomic nucleus is only about? | 5 x 10^-3 pm |
| _________ are confined to the nucleus of the atom, the __________ are conceived of as being spread out about the nucleus at some distance from. | Protons, Electrons |
| Who discovered the existence of neutrons? | James Chadwick |
| James Chadwick discovered that neutrons have a mass slightly _______ than that of _______. | heavier, protons |
| Electron | -1 |
| Proton | +1 |
| Neutron | 0 |
| Electron | 9.1095 x 10^-28 grams |
| Proton | 1.67252 x 10^-24 grams |
| Neutron | 1.67495 x 10^-24 grams |
| Electron | -1.6022 x 10^-19 coulomb |
| Proton | +1.6022 x 10^-19 coulomb |
| Neutron | doesn't have a coulomb |
| Everything around you are made of what? | 90 Elements naturally & 83 found on earth |
| What can be chemically changed or broken down into anything simpler? | Elements |
| Which element is the only one that has 20g in the entire world? | Francium |
| In 1869 who created the forerunner of the modern periodic table? | Dmitri Mendeleev |
| List 2 important things that needs to be included in a scientific theory. | (Explain) a known (fact) & (predict) something not yet known. |
| What are the 2 elements that Mendeleev left out blanks? | Aluminum & Silicon |
| What are the 2 predictions of the 2 elements believe someone else will discover? | Gallium & Germanium |
| What physical property did Mendeleev predicted each element? | Gallium low melting point, atomic mass 68 Germanium - dark (GREY) color |
| What are the 2 things Mendeleev, Dmitri arranged the periodic table? | By their relative atomic weight and their chemical reactivity |
| Where are the periods placed in the periodic table? | Horizontally / moving across from left to right |
| How are elements placed in the periodic table? | Upright pillar up and down |
| Why are elements are placed in groups? | Chemical Properties |
| Where are the main groups located? List the group numbers? | 1, 13-18 |
| What are the 10 smaller groups in the periodic table located at? | 1B-8B(8,9,10) |
| What do you call the 10 smaller groups in the periodic table? | Transition Metals |
| What do you call the 14 groups located at the bottom of the table? | Inner Transition Metal Groups |
| Property | Any characteristic - used to describe or identify matter |
| List some examples of properties. | Volume, amount, odor, color, & temperature, Melting point, solubility, & chemical behavior |
| Doesn't depend on the amount of a sample; Temperature & Melting Point | Intensive Property |
| Intensive/Extensive Property - Ice cube and Glacier - Same temperature & melts at the same point | Intensive Property |
| Do depend on the sample size - Length & Volume | Extensive Property |
| Characteristics that don't involve a change in a sample's chemical makeup | Physical Properties |
| Characteristics that do involve a change in chemical makeup | Chemical Properties |
| List some examples of a physical property. | Temperature, Color, Melting Point, Electrical Conductivity, Amount, Odor, Solubility, Hardness |
| List some examples of a chemical property. | Rusting (of iron), Combustion(of gasoline), Tarnishing (of silver), Hardening (of cement) |
| Name all of the Alkali Metals. | Lithium(Li), Sodium(Na), Potassium(K), Rubidium (Rb) |
| Silvery Metal | Alkali Metal |
| Reacts rapidly often violently w/ H20 = Form products that are Highly Alkaline or basic | Alkali Metal |
| Never found in nature only with other elements | Alkali Metals |
| List all the Alkaline-Earth Metals | Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Stronium (Sr), Barium (Ba), & Radium (Ra) |
| Are lustrous, Silvery metals, less reactive than ______ metals | Alkaline, Alkali |
| List all of the Halogens. | Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), & Iodine (I) |
| Colorful Corrosive Nonmetals | Halogens |
| Found in nature but only in combinations with other elements also known as salts | Halogens |
| List all of the Noble Gases. | Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), & Radon (Rn) |
| Colorless gases | Noble Gases |
| Very low chemical reactivity | Noble Gases |
| What are the 2 Noble gases that does not combine with any other element? | Helium & Neon |
| What are the 3 other noble gas elements that are combined with other elements? | Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) |
| Largest category of elements | Metals |
| Bounded on the right by a zigzag line running from Boron (B) at the top to Astatine (At) at the bottom. | Metals |
| Most have a silvery shine we normally associate with | Metals |
| What is the only metal that is solid in room temperature? | Mercury (Hg) |
| Are malleable | Metals |
| Can be twisted & drawn intro wires without breaking | Metals |
| Are good conductors of heat & electricity | Metals |
| Which major group categories are located in the far right side? | Nonmetals |
| Which nonmetal is considered as a liquid? | Bromine |
| Which five nonmetal solids are solid at room temperature? | Carbon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Selenium, & Iodine |
| None are silvery in appearance & several are brightly colored | Nonmetals |
| The solid nonmetals are _______ rather than malleable & are ____ conductors of ____ & ___________. | Brittle, Poor, Heat, & Electricity |
| Located in the zigzag boundary | Semi-metals |
| List all of the 9 elements located in the zig zag boundary. | Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, & Astatine |
| Are intermediate between those of their metallic & nonmetallic neighbors | Semi-metals |
| They are silvery in appearance and all are solid at room temperature, are BRITTLE and tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity | Semi-metals |
| The Englishman (1627-1691) is generally credited with being the first to study chemistry as a separate intellectual discipline & the first to carry out rigorous chemical experiments | Robert Boyle |
| List some of what Robert Boyle discovered. | Element cannot be chemically broken down further, Atoms of each element can join with other elements to form a Chemical compounds |
| First to learn how to prepare an isolation or separate a chemical compound | Joseph Priestly (1733-1804) |
| Standard format for writing chemical transformations, which lists the symbols of its constituent elements and uses subscripts to indicate the number of atoms of each. If no subscript is given, the number 1 is understood. | Chemical Formula |
| Chemical Equation - Substances undergoing change are written on the left | Reactant |
| Chemical Equation - An arrow is drawn between them to indicate the direction of the chemical transformation | Chemical Equation |
| Chemical Equation - Substances being formed are written on the right | Product |
| Which element is the key substance in combustion of which Antoine Lavoisier discovered? | Oxygen |
| When hydrogen gas burns & combines with oxygen to yield H2O = the mass of the water formed is equal to the mass of the hydrogen & oxygen consumed. | Combustion |
| Combustion is an example of which law? | Law of Mass Conservation |
| Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions | Law of Mass Conservation |
| Who formed the 2nd fundamental chemical principle(1754-1826)? | Joseph Proust |
| Different samples of pure chemical compound always contain the same proportion of elements by mass. | Law of Definite Proportions |
| H2O contains 1 part hydrogen & 8 parts of oxygen by mass; Elements combine in specific proportions, not in random proportions. | Law of Definite Proportions |
| An English School Teacher (1766-1844) created the 3rd chemistry law | John Dalton |
| Elements can combine in different ways to form different chemical compounds, whose mass ratios are simple whole-number multiples of each other. | Law of Multiple Proportions |
| John Dalton concluded that elements are made up of ____ ________ called _______ | Tiny particles called atoms |
| John Dalton states that in order to distinguish the difference between atoms is their _____; atoms of the same element has the same ____, but atoms of different elements have different _______ | Mass, mass, masses |
| John Dalton states that in order to make a chemical combination of elements to make different chemical compounds occur when atoms ____ together in _____ _____-number ratios | Bond, Whole number |
| ____________ parts of atoms are never involved in chemical reactions | Fractional |
| Chemical reactions only rearrange how atoms are combined in chemical compounds; the atoms themselves _______ ________ including the _____ | Don't change, mass |
Created by:
1StellarStar
Popular Chemistry sets