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Transition Metals
TM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Properties of TM | coloured compounds formation of complexes variable oxidation states |
| Ligand | atom/ion with lone pair of eletrons that forms a co ordinate bond to the metal |
| Complex | metal ions with ligands co ordinately bonded to it |
| Co ordination number | number of co ordination bonds from ligand(s) to metal ion(s) |
| Unidentate ligand | forms one co ordinate bond |
| Bidentate ligand | forms two co ordinate bonds |
| Multidentate ligand | forms several co ordinate bonds |
| Why do the transition metals make good catalysts? | Change oxidation state Good surface area for adsorption Transfer electrons to speed up reaction |
| Ni | margarine production, hydrogenation lower temperature and pressure |
| V2O5 | produce SO3 in the contact processes required to make sulphuric acid |
| Fe | harbor process increase rate of reaction decrease temperature |
| Pt/Pd | catalytic convertors |
| Mn | decomposition of H2O2 |
| What are the coloured compounds affected by? | Metal Oxidation State Ligands Co ordination number (Size of the energy gap between d orbitals) |
| What ligands are required for optical isomerism | 3 bidentate 2 bidentate/ 2 single 1 hexdentate |
| What are the properties of optical isomerism? | Cannot superimpose rotates light clockwise other rotates light anticlockwise |
| What are the shapes of molecules and their bond angles? | Linear-180 Tetrahedral-104.5 Square planar-90 Octahedral-90 |
| [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] cis-platin | anti cancer drug |
| [Ag(NH3)2]+ | Tollens reagent to distinguish aldehydes and ketones |
| [Ag(CN)2]- | silver electroplating |
| [Ag(S2O3)2]3- | formed in photography unreacted AgX in the film |
| Precipitation | soluble ions in seperate compounds are mixed together to produce an insoluble compound |
| What do the TM react with? | NaOH(aq) |
| Cu2+ | pale blue solution blue precipitate |
| Co2+ | pale pink solution blue precipitate pink on standing |
| Fe2+ | pale green solution green precipitate rusty brown on standing brown on standing |
| Fe3+ | pale yellow solution rusty brown precipitate |
| Why do TM form coloured compounds | white light is passed through and some wavelengths are absorbed, those not absorbed are colours shown |
| d block element | where the d sub shell is the highest energy sub shell |
| transition element | at least one ion has a partially filled sub shell |
| ligand subsitution | a substitution reaction where a ligand in a complex is replaced by another ligand |
Created by:
07blandforderin
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