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CJSS Chapter 1
| criminolgy | the scientific study of the nature, extent, cause and control of criminal behavior |
| criminologists | researchers who use scientific method to study the nature, extent, cause and control of criminal behavior |
| criminal justice | criminal justice refers to the study of the agencies of social control eg. police, courts and corrections |
| scientific method | using verifiable principles and procedures for the systematic acquisition of knowledge, creating hypothesis and collecting data thru observation and experiment to verify hypothesis |
| justice | the quality o being fair under the law |
| criminological enterprise | the areas of study and research that taken together make up the field of criminology. Criminologysts typically specialize in one subareas of criminology such as victimology or the sociology of law |
| crime typology | is the links between different types of crime and criminals |
| consensus view | the belief that the majority of citizens in a society share common ideals and work toward a common good and that crimes are acts that are outlawed because they conflict with the rules of the majority and are harmful to society |
| social harm | a view that behaviors harmful to other people and society must be controlled. these acts usually outlawed, but some acts that caused enormous amounts of social harm are perfectly legal, such as consumption o tobacco and alcohol |
| deviant behavior | actions or behavior that departs from social norms |
| conflict view | the view that human behavior is shaped by interpersonal conflict and that those who maintain social power will use it to further their own needs |
| interactionist view | Moral entrepreneurs define crime.■ Crimes are illegal because society defines them that way.■ The definition of crime evolves according to the moral ■ standards of those in power. |
| moral entrepreneurs | interest groups that attempt to control social life and the legal order in such a way as to promote their own personal set of moral values. People who use their influence to shape the legal process in ways they see fit |
| common law | is a rule that exploit successfully in different cases and will be used over again |
| mala in se | acts that are outlawed because they violate basic moral values, such as rape, murder assault and robbery |
| mala prohibitum | acts that are outlawed because they clash with current norms and public opinion, such as tax, traffic and drug laws |
| substantive criminal law | branch of the law that defines crimes and their punishment. It involves such issues s the mental and physical elements of crime, crime categories, and criminal defenses |
| procedural criminal law | laws that set out the basic rules of practice in the criminal justice system. Some elements of criminal procedures are the rule of evidence, law of arrest, the law of search and seizure, questions of appeal, jury selection and the right to counsel |
| civil law | set of rules governing relationships between private parties, including both individuals (such as business enterprises or corporations). The civil law is used to resolve, control and shape such personal interactiona as contracts, wills and trusts , proper |
| public law | branch of law that deals with the government and its relationships with individuals or other governments |
| stalking statutes | is a rule or law that prohibit the willful, malicious, and repeated following and harassing of another person |
| Three concept view of crime | Consensus , Interactionist and Conflict |
| Areas of Criminal Enterprise | Criminal Statistics and Crime Measurement / The Sociology of Law / Law and Society Theory Construction and Setting Criminal Behavior System and Crime Typology Penology and Social Control Victomology / Victims and Victimization |
| Criminal Statistics and Research Methology | Gathering valid crime data. Devising new research method, measuring crime patterns and trends |
| The Sociology of Law / Law and Society | Determining the origin of Law. Measuring the forces that can change laws and society |
| Theory Construction and testing | Predicting individual behavior. Understanding the cause of crime |
| Criminal Behavior System and Cime Typologies | Determining the nature and cause of specific crime patterns. Studying violence, theft, organized, white collar and public order crimes |
| Penology and Social control | studying the correction and control of criminal behavior. Using scientific method to assess the effectiveness of crime control and offender treatment programs |
| Victomology / Victims and Victimization | studying the nature and cause of victimization. Aiding crime victims, understatnding the nature and extent of victimization, developing theories of victimization risk |
| Four Categories of Law | Substantive criminal law procedural law civil law public law |
| Three types of torts | intentional tort strict liability tort negligent tort |
| intentional tort | are injuries that the person knew or should have known would occur through his or her actions—e.g., a person attacks and injures another (assault and battery) after a disput |
| Negligent torts | are injuries caused because a person’s ac- tions were unreasonably unsafe or careless—e.g., a traffic accident is caused by a reckless drive |
| Strict liability torts | are injuries that occur because a par- ticular action causes damage prohibited by statute—e.g., a victim is injured because a manufacturer made a defective product. |
| misdemeanor | is a minor or petty crime eg. traffic violation, gambling violation |
| felony | serious offence eg. murder, rape |
| crime | is a violation of societal rules of behavior as interpreted and expressed by a criminal legal code created by people holding social and political power. |
Created by:
ryen1083