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Chapter 19
Chapter 19: Acids, bases, and salts.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (H3O+) Hydronium ion: | The ion that forms when a water molecule gains a hydrogen ion. |
| Conjugate acid: | The ion or molecule formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion. |
| Conjugate base: | The ion or molecule that remains after an acid loses a hydrogen ion. |
| Conjugate acid-base pair: | Consists of two ions or molecules related by the loss or gain of one hydrogen ion. |
| Amphoteric: | A substance that can react as either an acid or a base. |
| Lewis acid: | A substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. |
| Lewis base: | A substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. |
| Self-ionization: | The reaction in which water molecules produce ions. |
| Neutral solution: | Any aqueous solution in which H+ and OH- are equal. |
| Ion product constant for water: | (Kw) |
| Acidic solution: | A solution in which H+ is greater than 1 x 10^-7 M |
| Base solution: | One in which H+ is less than OH- |
| Alkaline solutions: | Also known as basic solutions. |
| pH: | The pH of a solution is a negative logarithmic hydrogen-ion concentration. |
| pH less than 7.0: | Acidic |
| pH greater than 7.0 | Basic |
| Two methods that are used to measure pH: | Acid-base indicators, or pH meters. |
| Strong acid: | (In general) is completely ionized in an aqueous solution. |
| Weak acid: | Ionized only slightly in an aqueous solution. |
| Acid dissociation constant (Ka): | The ratio of the concentration of the dissociated form of an acid to the concentration of the undissociated form. |
| Base dissociation constant (Kb): | The ratio of the concentration of the conjugate acid times the concentration of the hydroxide ion to the concentration of the base. |
| Neutralization reaction: | The complete reaction of a strong acid and a strong base produces a neutral solution. |
| Titration: | The process of adding a measured amount of a solution of known concentration to the solution of unknown concentrations. |
| Standard solution: | The solution of known concentration. |
| Equivalence point: | The point at which neutralization occurs. |
| End point: | The point at which the indicator changes color. |
| Salt hydrolysis: | The cations and anions of a dissociated salt remove hydrogen ions from, or donate hydrogen ions to, water. |
| Buffer: | A solution in which the pH remains fairly constant when small amounts of acid or base are added. |
| Buffer capacity: | The amount of acid or base that can be added to a buffer solution before a significant change in pH can occur. |
Created by:
jmhschemistry
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