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Science P2 Topic 1
Edexcel GCSE additional science physics: static and current electricity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the structure of an atom | Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbiting the nucleus in shells |
| How can an object become electrostatically charged? | When two different insulating materials are rubbed together, riction causes electrons to be transferred from one material to the other- the two materials become electrostatically charged |
| Why must objects be insulators to build up an electrostatic charge? | So that the charge isn't conducted away |
| What is induction? | Induction is when an electrostatically charged object is put next to a neutral object, repelling or attracting the electrons in this material so that it is more negatively charged on one side |
| What are some examples of the dangers of static electricity? | 1) shocks from everyday objects e.g. walking along a carpet then touching a metal door handle 2) lightning is caused by a large spark forming between the clouds and ground 3)fuel rubbing against pipe produces sparks that could ignite fuel fumes |
| Give an example of induction | * A charged balloon sticking to a wall * A charged comb picking up small pieces of paper |
| How can the issue of petrol fumes igniting be avoided? | Use a bonding line to earth the charge |
| What is earthing? | Earthing is the process whereby electrons flow in a direction dependent on their charge to remove excess charge |
| What are some uses of electrostatic charge? | 1) Insecticide sprays 2) electrostatic paint spraying 3) finger printers 4) photocopiers |
| What is electric current? | The rate of flow of charged particles |
| What is a current in a metal? | the flow of delocalised electrons |
| What is the difference between alternating and direct current? | Direct: current flows in only one direction (supplied by cells) Alternating: current changes direction many times a second (supplies by generators) |
| How is the size of the current measured? | Using an ammeter, placed in series |
| Why can the ammeter be put in series? | Because current is the same everywhere in the circuit and is conserved at junctions |
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