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Bryce World History

QuestionAnswer
what was the Renaissance a rebirth of? Art and learning
he study of classical texts caused humanists to focus on what subject? Human potential and achievements
For what is the Medici family famous? For being rulers and supporters of the arts
What were Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More? Christian humanists
What was the first Full-sized book Gutenberg printed? The bible
In what way did Leonardo da vinci represent the Renaissance man? he was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientst
Luter protested the practice of selling indulgences. What was that practice? the clergy sold pardons that released people from performing penalties for their sins
Who declared himself the head of the English Church Henry VIII
What was one of John Calvin's major teachings? Predestination
Who was the important Catholic Reformer who founded the Jesuit order? Ignatius of Loyola
What kind of person represented the ideal of the "Renaissance man"? Someone who excelled in many areas of study
How did Italy's location help it become the birthplace of the Renaissance? Italy had access to Roman ruins and ancient manuscripts form Constantinople
What was an important effect of the invention of the printing press? It increased literacy and the use of the vernacular
Why was the block printing more useful n Europe than in China? European languages had a smaller number of characters than Chinese
What was a major reason for the Reformation? European merchants resented paying taxes to the Church in Rome
What was one of Luther's's main beliefs? All people with faith were equal
What was the main reason for Henry VIII's split with the Roman Catholic church? His desire for a male heir
What was agreed upon at the Council of Trent? The CHurch's interpretation of the Bible was final
The Peace of Augsbuerg ended a war between the supporters of which two groups Catholic and Protestant German princes
What idea of Luther's most influenced John Calvin? Humans cannot earn a place in heaven
T/F? Utopia the title of a book by Thomas More, has come to mean an ideal place True
T/F? The Renaissance in northern Europe lagged behind the Renaissance in Italy because of the bubonic plauge False, printing press
T/F? When Jerusalem fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, scholars fled to Rome with ancient Greek mauscripts False, Constantinople
T/F? During the Renaissance, artists were often supported by wealthy people known as humanists. False, Merchants
T/F? Gutenberg's invention of the vernacular made possible the quick spread of ideas. False, printing press
T/F? To set aside a marriage as having not been legal is to recant the marriage. False
T/F? The act of Supremacy was passed during the reign of Henry VIII. False, Elizabeth
T/F? The name Anabaptist is the Greek word for baptize again True
T/F? In England, the kind was declared to be head of the Lutheran Church. False, Anglican
T/F? The term Protestant comes from the name given some German princes who protested against joining forces with the pope against Luther's ideas. true
What was the dyshrime system designed to do? Turn Christian boys into muslim soldiers.
How did Timur the Lame's military activities affect the growth of the Ottoman Empire? They interrupted its growth.
Why did Shah Jahan order the building of the Taj Mahal? In memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal
Which of the following was a result of Western influences on the Safavid Empire? Carpet weaving became an national industry.
What contributed to the decline of both the Ottoman and Safavid Empires? Incompetent leaders.
What change did the Sikhs undergo during the course of the Mughal Empire? They transformed form a nonviolent group, to a militant group.
What did Mehmed II do after he conquered Constantinople? He opened the city to new citizens of many religions and backgrounds
What is not true about ISma'il? He promoted religious tolerance in areas conquered by his troops.
What did Suleyman the Lawgiver support? Government reform and cultural achievements.
Who ruled India for Johangir? Nur Jahan.
How were ghazis and janissaries similar? They were warriors.
Who did not adopt a policy of religious tolerance? Isma'il.
Why did the Mughal rulers turn against the Sikhs in India? The Sikhs protected Jahangir's son, so the Mughals they killed the leader.
Who led to the cultural blending in the Ottoman Empire? Pursuit of religious converts, trade, and conquest.
Which Mughal ruler was most like Shah Abbas in his views on cultural blending? Akbar.
Why did Shah Jahan ignore his people's needs? He was more interested in architecture and his wife.
What did Ismai'il do that enraged the Ottomans? He destroyed the Sunni population of Baghdad.
What language, meaning "from the soldier's camp" was an example of cultural blending during the Mughal Empire? Urdu.
What did Suleyman the lawgiver and Akbar have in common? Architecture, the arts, and literature flourished under their rule.
What was not true of Aurangzeb? He built the greatest monuments of the Mughal era.
He encouraged religious tolerance in the Mughal Empire and presided over a great cultural and artistic age. Timur TheLame
Christian boys were taken as slaves, converted to Islam, and turned into warriors and government officials as part of this Ottoman policy. Devshirme.
He built the Taj Mahal in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Shah Jahan.
This interaction of two or more cultures produces new languages and new ideas in art, religion, and society. Cultural blending.
This was the term for warrior for Islam who belonged to a military society with a strict code of conduct. Ghazi.
He drew from many cultural influences and reformed civilian and military life in the Safavid Empire. Shah Abbas.
This Shi'a warrior led the Safavids to conquer what is now Iran. Isma'il.
This Central Asian conqueror interrupted the growth of the Ottoman Empire. Akbar
Artists from many cultures worked together in this capital city of the Safavid Empire. Esfahan.
Mehemed II was able to conuer this Byzantine city using cannons and military strategy. Constantinople.
Which European country was the leader in developing and applying 15th century sailing innovations? Portugal.
Who were the first Europeans to arrive on Japanese soil? Shipwrecked Portugese sailors.
Why was the caravel an important development in navigation? It was able to sail against the wind.
Korea was a vassal state of which country during the 1700s? China.
Why did Lord Macartney give a letter from King George III to Qian-Long? Great Britain wanted to increase trade with China.
During 1500s, what was China's official trade policy? Only the government was allowed to trade with foreign countries.
Who captained the first European ship to sail around the tip of Africa, now known as the Cape of Good Hope? Bartolomeu Dias.
What type of policy did Japan institute to control foreign ideas? A closed country.
What did Hongwu do first to help China become a dominant power? He overthrow the Mongols and established the Ming Dynasty.
What type of poetry presents images rather than expresses an idea? Haiku
What were European's main motives for making voyages of exploration? To grow wealthy and spread Christianity.
Why was Zheng He important? He led seven Chinese overseas explorations.
Why was the introduction of European firearms in Japan successful? It corresponded with the warring states period of new Feudalism.
What were China's main reasons for rejecting British offers of trade? China believed it was self-sufficient and didn't need outside goods.
How did Prince Henry of Portugal influence exploration? He founded a navigational school on the coast of Portugal.
What was not an attitude reflected by China's Forbidden City and the way it was used? The importance of Confucianism in China.
What major barrier hindered effective centralized government in Japan? The dissatisfaction of the peasant class.
Why was Tokugawa Ieyasu upset by the success of Christian missionaries? He feared a religious uprising and Christian interference politics.
What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Portugal and Spain? To decrease conflict over claiming new land.
What two main reasons kept China from becoming highly industrialized? The idea of commerce offended Confucianism belief, and taxes on manufactured goods were high.
T/F? The Tokugawa Shogunate ruled during a time of peace. True.
T/F? Portugal explored the African coast to find an all-water route to Asia. True.
T/F? Portugal, the Netherlands, England, and France competed for control of the Atlantic OCean trade. False. English Channel.
T/F? The Cinese Muslim explorer Zheng He led seven voyages of exploration that ranged from Southeast Asia to eastern Africa. True.
T/F?Unlike the British, the Dutch were able to win the favor the the Japanses emporers by accepting trade restrictions, paying tribute, and kowtowing False. Chinese
T/F? Under Japan's system of feudalism, the daimyo functioned most similarly to what, in Europe's system of feudalism, were the lords. True.
T/F? The Italians established good trade relations with Japan, partly because they had introduced the musket and cannon to this nation False. Portugese.
T/F? Kangxi and Qian-long were emperors of China's Ming Dynasty. False. Qing Dynasty.
T/F? In 1612, Kokugawa Ieyasu began a successful campaign to rid Japan of all Buddhist belief. False. Christianity.
T/F? After the Crusades ended, the Spanish and Portuguese controlled the trade of goods from EAst to West. False. Muslims and The Italians.
What was the main economic activity in New France? Building a fur trade.
Who conquered the Aztec empire? Hernando Cortes
Why did Europeans see Africans as a better a source of labor than Native Americans? Africans were strangers in the Americas, so they wouldn't have allies or places to hide.
What was the purpose of most of the joint-stock companies of then 1500s and 1600s? Funding colonies.
Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first? An island in the Caribbean Sea.
What did the encomienda system provide for New Spain? A cheap labor source.
What prompted a wave of new businesses and trade practices in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries? New wealth from the Americas and the growth in overseas trade.
Which European country was the first to import enslaved Africans to the Americans? Spain.
As part of the Columbian Exchange, which of the following was carried west across the Atlantic? Livestock.
Which of the following areas was originally founded as a settlement by the Dutch? New York.
What helped to increase the slave trade in Africa during the seventh century? An increase in trade between Europe and Asia.
What did not aid the Spanish in conquering the Aztecs? Larger forces.
On what assumption was the encomienda system based? That Europeans had the right to demand labor from native Americans.
Why did the English want to take control of New Netherland? As they pushed west into the continent, they collided with New Netherlands.
What was one result of the loss of native lives to disease? A severe shortage of labor in the colonies.
How did slavery in African and Muslim societies differ from slavery in the Americas? Slavery in the Americans was based on race and was hereditary.
What was one effect in Europe of the financial success of American colonies? The supply of goods increased to meet demand.
How did Bartoleme de Las Casas affect race relations in the Americas? He urged better treatment of Native Americans but proposed using African labor.
According to the policy of mercantilism, how could a ation increase its wealth? It should sell more goods thanit buys from other countries
How was Africa affected by the Atlantic slave trade? Many cultures lost their fittest members, and families were torn apart.
T/F? The colony of Plymouth was the first English settlement established in the Americas. False. Jamestown.
T/F? The middle passage of the triangular trade system began in Europe and ended in the West Indies, North America, or South America. False. Africa.
T/F? To maintain a favorable balance of trade, in comparing exports and imports, it is the value of the imports that must be higher False. Exports.
T/F? The French lost their North American holdings to the English because they were defeated in King Philips War False. 7 years war.
T/F? Mastizos are the descendants of French colonists in the Americas and NAtive Americas. False. Spanish
T/F? One of the long-term effects of the African slave trade was the introduction of guns into the African continent. True.
T/F? The main purpose of the joint-stock company during the 1500s and 1600s was to share the risk and profits of colonial investments. True.
T/F? The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas is known as the Columbian Exhange. True.
T/F? The economic system of meroantillsm is based on private ownership and the investment of wealth for profit. False. Capitalism.
T/F? The first Spanish settlers in the Americas were brought on a ship captained by Christopher Columbus. True.
What did ships transport on the "middle passage"? Gold and enslaved Africans.
Which places were part of all three triangular trade routes? New England, New York, and Philadelphia.
What did England export? Manufactured goods.
What did the West Indies export both to England and to New England, New York, and Philadelphia? Sugar and molasses.
What did New England, Philadelphia, and New York export to both the West Indies and Spain, Portugal, the Azores, and Madeira Islands? Fish and cattle.
What concept was the belief in divine right used to support? Absolute rule.
Which war was sparked by religious conflict and resulted in the increased power of France, the weakening of Spain and Austria, and the devastation of Germany? The seven years war.
Who inherited teh Austrian throne only after Charles VI had the other European powers sign an agreement declaring they would recognize the heir? Maria Theresa.
Who did the Glorious Revolution bring to England's throne? William and Mary.
By the end of the 1600s, what had England's system of government become? An constitutional monarchy.
During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, which group suppered the greatest loss of power? The boyars.
What were some of Philip II's accomplishments as king of Spain? He defended Roman Catholicism and helped stimulate the arts.
What was the main cause of the eight civil wars that were fought in France between 1562 and 1598? Religious attacks.
Why did Peter the Great build the city of St. Petersburg? He wanted a city on a seaport that would make it easier to travel west.
What king became France's most powerful ruler and boasted "I am the state"? Louis XIV.
European monarchs became absolute rulers in response to what? Religious and territorial conflicts that caused warfare and revolts.
After the northern Dutch gained their freedom from Spain, what type of government did the United Provinces of the Netherlands establish? An absolute monarch.
What was the Edict of NAtes issues in an effort to do? Bring an end to violent religious conflicts in France.
What political purpose did the splendid palace at Versailles serve? To reflect the religious faith of Lois XIV and give the appearance of strength and virtue.
What did the Restoration "restore" to power in England Th monarchy, as an institution.
Which war resulted in the beginning of the modern state system in Europe? 30 years war
What did Frederick teh Great believe a ruler should be? A father to his people.
What was Peter the Great the first Russian ruler to make an effort to do? Westernize Russia.
What is the chronological order of (the English Civil War, The Restoration, the Glorious Revolution) The glorious revolution-The restoration-The english civil war
How did the economy of central Europe differ from that of western Europe? Serfs in Central Europe did not move to cities and become the middle class.
What problem helped to weaken the Spanish Empire? Spain experienced a period of severe inflation and heavy taxes.
How did the United Provinces of the Netherlands differ from neighboring states? It continued the Feudal system and did not allow the middle class the grow.
How did Cardinal Richelieu work to increase the power of the Bourbon monarchy? He excluded nobles from his councils and demanded they live at court.
What event lead to the War of the Spanish Succession? Charles II made Louis XIV's grandson his heir, adding to the Bourbon power.
What was the Thirty Years' War a conflict over? THe invasion of Silesia by the king of Prussia.
Why did strong states form more slowly in central Europe than in western Europe? They had weak empires and poor economies without a middle class.
What was the significance of the English Bill of Rights? It made clear the limits of royal power.
What were some of the things PEter the Great did to westernize Russia? He raised women's status and made nobles wear western fashion.
What was one reason Ivan IV was called Ivan the Terrible? He organized a police force that murdered people he considered traitors.
How did the Puritans finally win the English Civil War? Cromwell's army defeated the Royalist, and the Puritans held the king prisoner.
Which three people connect the House of Burgundy to the Spanish Hapsburgs? Isabella, Joan, and Ferdinand I
What is the significance of this family tree? It shows the relationship of the Spanish Hapsburg and the Austrian Hapsburg.
What event joined the Houses of Burgundy, Austria, Aragon,and Catille? The birth of Charles VI.
Which holy Roman Emperor ruled for the longest amount of time? Charles V.
Which grandchild of Isabella and Ferdinand lived the longest? Catherine.
The heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory was proposed by who? Nicolaus Copernicus.
Francis Bacon helped to develop what? The microscope.
Isaac Newton explained... Law of university.
In general, the philosophes believed in which of the following? Progress for society.
The idea of a direct democracy is explained in... The social contract.
European art of the 1600s and early 1700s was dominated by a grand, ornate style called... Baroque.
The philosophes influenced Catherine the Great's... Proposals on reforms to Russia's laws.
The Declaration of Independence was written by... Thomas Jefferson.
The Bill of Rights was influenced by.... Voltaire.
Henry Fielding was a writer who did what? Turned out many popular poems in the 1700s, wrote a novel about the life of a young servant girl.
What is true of the neoclassical style of art? It emphasized elegance and simplicity.
What is the correct sequence of steps used in the scientific process? Question, observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion.
Which event occurred after the American Revolution? Stamp act.
What was Montesquieu's influence on the US Constitution? Representatives
How did the Baroque style of the neoclassical style differ? Baroque was grand and ornate, neoclassical was simple and elegant
Frederick II supported what? The direct democracy
How were Thomas Hobbes and Catherine the Great similar? Both believe that a monarch should have absolute authority
What was the law of universal gravitation? All physical objects are effectived equally by the same forces.
What did the Enlightenment promote? A belief in progress, a more secure outlook, faith in science
What did the American colonists protest as "taxation without representation"? Stamp Act
What did Andreas Vesalius and Voltaire both do? Analyze human anatomy
How did Zacharias Janssen make Anton Van Leeuwenhoek's discoveries possible? He offered Leeuwenhoek financial support
Which man contradicted the ideas in the US Constitution? Baron De Montesqueia
Which way does the main character in Richardson's Pamela reflect Enlightenment ideas? She worked as a servant girl
In the 1700s, what showed the influence of Enlightenment ideas? a woman allowing her child to have smallpox vaccination
What did the censors of the Catholic Church ban? The encyclopedia
In what way did the taxation problem in America differ before and after independence? Before were too many british taxes, after were not enough federal taxes
How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals? It set up a system of checks and balances for the US government
What reflects the neoclassical style? Church built in a simple and elegant style
What was caused by the scientific revolution? improvements in medicine and scientific instruments
About what percentage of France's population belonged to the Third Estate? 98%
What happened on July 14, Bastille Day? A mob stormed a prison looking for gun powder
What goal was not stated in the "slogan of the Revolution"? Justice
What document stated that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights"? Declaration of the rights of man
During the Reign of Terror, who was safe from the guillotine? no one
What was Napoleon able to accomplish during peacetime? set up government run public schools, set up comprehensive system of laws, established a fair tax code
How did Admiral NElson win the Battle of Trafalgar? He divided the French fleet and attacked smaller groups of ships
Why did Napoleon attack Portugal? To enforce the terms of the continental system
What was an important goal of the Congress of Vienna? to establish a balance of power in Europe
Who was the more influential leader at the Congress of Vienna? Prince Clements von mederice of Austria
About what percent of France's population belonged to the First and Second Estates? 2
Which group most strongly embraced the ideals and principles of the Enlightenment? The Borahes
What issue led to the first meeting of the Estates-General in 175 years? Proposed taxation of the second estate
Why did the National Assembly lose the support of many French peasants? it adopted a declaration of the rights of man of the citizens
Which group imposed the Reign of Terror? the second collation
Which group finally forced Robespierre from power? the royalist
What was NOT a reason for Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to punish the sugar growers and st. doming
What was one important consequence of the Battle of Trafalgar? Napoleon gave up his plans of invading Britain
How did Great Britain react to the Continental System? It organized its own blockades
What was the main goal of the participants in the Congress of Vienna To establish security and stability in the nations of europe
Which of the following is an accurate description of the tax system in France in the years preceding the French Revolution? The members of the third estate paid almost all of the tax
In what way did the bourgeoisie differ from other members of the Third Estate? they believed in enlightenment ideas
What issue arose after the king called for the Estates-General to meet? how many votes each estate would get
What does the word plebiscite mean? a vote of the people
What did Napoleon Not Accomplish? an expansion of freedom of speech
How did Admiral Nelson defeat the French-Spanish fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar? he divided the french fleet into smaller groups then to attack them
What strategy did Czar Alexander I use to defeat Napoleon in Russia? scourged earth policy
What did Napoleon NOT possess? an ability to inspire others
What did Klemens von Metternich NOT want to accomplish at the Congress of Vienna? Create the beginnings of the european democracy
What was one important effect resulting from the political changes made at the Congress of Vienna? nationalistic feelings grew in countries placed in foreign rule
What was the industrial revolution? Increased output of machine made goods made in England in the 18th century
Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution? many small farmers began tenet farmers and moved to cities, enclosures became landmarks, new agriculture methods
What were the three facots of production required to drive the industrial revolution? land, labor, capital
What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in western Europe? industrialization
How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class? looked down upon
What did Britain do in order to keep industrial secrets form the US? forbid engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country
What was the benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation? not personal, responsible for its debts
What is the laissez-faire policy? a policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government interference
What is the name for the voluntary association of workers seeking labor reforms? unions
What is an example of a reform movement? abolishing of slavery, women's rights, public education
In what way did the Agricultural Revolution pave the way for the Industrial Revolution? it led to population growth, it increased food supplies, farmers lost land in seek of work
How did Britain's economy affect the proces of industrialization? Positively by Britain highly developed banking system, availability of loans, climate of process
How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities? it made the population grown faster than the housing supply
In what way did the new middle class change British society? some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society
Which of the following was a key idea in the free-market system? give government all control of means production
What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods? it launched the railway age that brought the transportation of materials and people to a new level
What factors most contributed to the shorter life span of those living in cities as opposed to the country? illness caused by unhealthy living conditions
What was not a legislative reform in the 1800s? supreme court create social security to support retired workers
What did William Wilberforce fight for in the 1800s? to abolish slavery in the slave trade
How might small farmers of the agricultural revolution be compared to the working class of the Industrial Revolution? both suffer job losses due to progress
What impact did technological advances have on industry? production of goods was increased
What was a benefit of the railroad in Britain? it offered cheap transportation for material and goods
What was not a positive aspect of industrialization? it improved living conditions in cities
How did the War of 1812 help pave the way for the US to industrialize? the british blockade forced it to develop its own industries
How did the Napoleonic wars and French REvolution Impact the industrialization of Continental Europe? trade was halted in many parts of europe, communications between countries were interrupted, inflation was on the rise in some areas of europe that disrupted the economy
How did the impact of worldwide industrialization effect the relationships between industrialized nations and non-industrialized nations? it was the driving force behind imperialism
How did the philosophy of laissez-faire economics influence early industrialists? with ideas of a free market economy governed by natural laws, not government regulations, with ideas of economny of foreign goods, with ideas that elite had responsibility to give to charity
What were the long-term effects of MArx and Engels's the Communist Manifesto? in 1900s, Marxism inspired revolutionary such as Russias lenin.
What is true of socialism and communism? communism is a form of complete socialism which people own production and property
What did the People's Charter of 1838 petition for? suffrage for all men and parliamentary elections
Who were the Zionists? jews who work for a homeland in palistan
What was Captain Alfred Dreyfus accused of in the Dreyfus affair? selling military secrets
What did it mean to be a dominion? the country was domestically self governing, but part of the british empire
Why did Great Britain establish a penal colony in Australia? to relieve overcrowding in English prisons
To which country did the most Irish emigrants go during the Great Famine? the US
How was most of the territory west of Texas obtained by the US mexican american war
Who was the American inventor and industrialist who made factory production more efficient by introducing the assembly line? henry ford
What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? declearaed all slaves of the confederate states as free
What concept is the theory of evolution based on? natural selection
Before the reform act of 1832, who were the only British citizens who could vote? owners of large landholders
Which reform did not occur in Great Britain by the early 1900s? the working class men received voting rights
During the early 1900s, was the British woman who formed the Woman's social and political union? Emaline Pankhurst
What form of government did France adopt in 1875? Republic
Which two lands did Captain cook claim for Great Britian in 1770? Australia and New Zealand
How did California and much of the southwest become part of the US? Mexican succession
Which political reforms occurred in New Zealand in 1893? Women's suffrage
Why was the work of Louis Pasteur important in the history of medicine? he found that bacteria causes diseases
How did the democratic reforms in Great Britain change the govenment? most adult males gained the right to vote, british monarchs are symbolic rulers with no powers, political power shifted to elected house of commons
What was true of women's fight for suffrage? some women participated in hunger strikes
How might the French government of the late 1800s and early 1900s be characterized? unstable
Which influenced the formation of Upper and Lower Canada? culture conflicts between the british and french
What does the phrase manifest destiny mean? the american people have the right and the duty to rule north america from coast to coast
Why did Australia and New Zealand want to become dominions of Great Britain rather than independent nations? they wanted the protection of the british empire
What promise by Abraham Lincoln frightened Southern states into seceding? to stop the spread of slavery
What impact did the Civil War have on the postwar American economy? the war speeded up the pace of industrialization
What effect did the major inventions of the 19th-century have on people's lives in industrialized nations? car, telephone and electricity helped ease ways of living
What was not a reason for the rise of mass culture? the assembly line
 

 



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