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Sociology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sociology | the essential wisdom of the discipline of sociology |
| By stating that the sociological perspective shows us "the strange in the familiar," the text argues that sociologists | reject the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes our lives. |
| The pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe was | Emile Durkheim. |
| We would expect the sociological perspective to be MOST likely to develop in a place that was | small and socially isolated. |
| Comte described the earliest human societies as being at which stage of historical development? | theological stage |
| _____ is a way of understanding the world based on science. | Positivism |
| We would expect the sociological perspective to be MOST likely to develop in a place that was | experiencing many social changes. |
| Most of today's sociologists agree with Auguste Comte's claim that | science has an important place in sociology |
| A statement that explains how and why specific facts are related is called a(n) | theory. |
| Looking at the United States, high suicide rates are typical of areas in which people | live spread apart in low-density areas. |
| Which of the following BEST describes the focus of the structural-functional approach? | the consequences of social patterns for the operation of society |
| Which of the following is a criticism of the structural-functional approach? | not critical of inequalities based on social class, race, ethnicity, and gender |
| Who was the U.S. sociologist who distinguished between the manifest functions and the latent functions of social patterns? | Robert K. Merton |
| Which of the following is the BEST example of a latent function of going to college? | It ignores inequality that can generate tension and conflict. |
| Looking at the operation of U.S. schools, the social-conflict approach might lead a sociologist to conclude that | tracking provides some students with far better schooling than others. |
| Which pioneering sociologist founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize? | Jane Addams |
| The _____ approaches are macro-level, describing societies in broad terms. | structural-functional and social-conflict |
| Which of the following founding sociologists urged sociologists to understand a social setting from the point of view of the people in it? | Max Weber |
| Building social relationships and creating jobs are two of the ____ of sports | latent functions |
| Which of the following statements is based on a symbolic-interaction analysis of sports? | Each player understands the game a little differently. |
| Which of the concepts listed below refers to measuring exactly what you intend to measure? | validity |
| Critical sociology can BEST be described as a(n) ________ approach. | activist |
| What research method was used in Philip Zimbardo's study, the "Stanford County Prison"? | an experiment |
| E. Digby Baltzell's historical study, Puritan Boston and Quaker Philadelphia, illustrates which research method? | existing sources |
| Which sociological research method is likely to be the MOST difficult to replicate (repeat)? | participant observation |
| Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population are referred to as | popular culture. |
| Experts have documented almost _______ languages around the world. | 7,000 |
| Cultural change is set in motion in three general ways. What are they? | invention, discovery, and diffusion |
| This language, which is the native tongue or official language in several world regions, has become the preferred second language in most of the world. | English |
| Cultural change is set in motion in three general ways. What are they? | invention, discovery, and diffusion |
| This language, which is the native tongue or official language in several world regions, has become the preferred second language in most of the world. | English |
| Which statements represent an emerging value in our society? | "Work is important, but I want more time for leisure and personal growth." |
| The Census Bureau reports that only ten different languages are spoken in the United States. TRUE OR FALSE? | False |
| About how many adults in the United States speak a language other than English at home? | 60 million |
| The fact that some married men and married women are sexually unfaithful to their spouses is an example of _____ culture, while the fact that most adults say they support the idea of sexual fidelity is an example of _____ culture. | real; ideal |
| The early U.S. sociologist who described the difference between folkways and mores was | William Graham Sumner. |
| All of the following are values, identified by Robin Williams, as being central to U.S. culture EXCEPT | belief in tradition |
| The chapter's opening story of the diversity initiative at Charles Schwab & Co. shows us that | learning more about cultural diversity can help a company boost sales. |
| George Murdock pointed to many cultural universals. What is NOT an example of a cultural universal? | belief in a heavenly afterlife |
| Which theoretical approach gives an evolutionary explanation of why the sexual "double standard" is found around the world? | the sociobiology approach |
| The term Homo sapiens, the name of our species, comes from Latin meaning | "intelligent person." |
| In 2010, about what share of the U.S. population was officially counted as poor? | 15.1 percent |
| Work involving mostly mental activity is called | white-collar work |
| Which concept refers to the historical practice in England of passing on property to only the first-born male descendant? | the law of primogeniture |
| According to Karl Marx, social stratification in a capitalist society always involves | class conflict.Olga works as a district sales manager for a small corporation. Which of the following categories correctly describes her work? |
| Olga works as a district sales manager for a small corporation. Which of the following categories correctly describes her work? | white-collar |
| Social stratification is a concept that refers to | ranking categories of people in a hierarchy. |
| A college professor with advanced degrees, moderate salary, and little power to shape national events can be described as having | low status consistency |
| Marx thought of inequality in terms of two main classes. In contrast, Weber envisioned inequality in terms of | a socioeconomic ranking |
| Critics of the 1996 welfare reforms claim the new system | has done little to reduce poverty in the US. |
| Which of the following concepts refers to an economy based on computer technology? | postindustrial economy |
| When in history did global population begin to spike upward? | 1750 |
| Which of the following concepts refers to the number of live births in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population? | crude birth rate |
| what year was half the U.S. population living in urban places for the first time? | 1920 |
| long-term harm to the environment caused by a short-sighted focus on material affluence | The concept of "environmental deficit" |
| long-term harm to the environment caused by a short-sighted focus on material affluence | Sunbelt cities generally have larger populations and are larger in physical size. |
| In terms of migration within the United States, the region of the country most often left behind is | the heartland or Great Plains, from North Dakota down to Texas. |
| The basic idea behind demographic transition theory is | population patterns reflect a society's level of technological development |
| In global perspective, the crude birth rate of high income nations such as the United States is | below average |
| Currently, about how many people are added to the world's population each year? | 83 million |
| Looking at countries around the world, what is the relationship between average income level and rate of population increase? | The lower the average income, the greater the population increase. |
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