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Political Parties
Review for Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is meant by INTEREST AGGREGATION? How does this concept suggest that parties are less effective at representing public opinion than are interest groups? | Interest Aggregation: combines interests. Ask people their interests, priorities, preferences. Parties can only appeal to citizens. IG can take the preference info directly to government office holders |
| What is a cleavage? How are cleavages linked to politics? | Conflict between states dealing with different segments of society. "social division". People then identify themselves w/ one side or another. Politics are involved because those are the issues being conflicted over. |
| What is the difference between ELECTIVE PARTIES and LEGISLATIVE PARTIES? Why is this important? | |
| What are the functions of political parties? | To nominate candidates, to gather participants and preference info, to help organize gov't, to prevent conflict between parties, to define issues, to recruit political leaders, etc. |
| What is a MASS party? | Goals: social reform Campaign: mobilization--labor intensive Main Funds source: large number of memberships and fees Communications: party provides its own Party-Society Relationship: belongs to cleavage group Rep. Style: delegate |
| What is a CADRE party? | Goals: distribution of privileges Funds source: personal contacts Communication: interpersonal networks party/Society Rel: unclear boundary between state a political segment of society Rep style: trustee |
| What is a CATCH-ALL party? | Goals: social improvement Campaign: both labor and capital intensive Funds source: varied sources (individual groups) Comm: parties compete for mass media access Parties act as brokers between state&society Rep. Political Entrepreneur |
| What is a CARTEL party? | Goals: politics as a profession Campaign: capital intensive Funds source: state subventions Comm. parties gain privileged access to state-regulated media Party/Society:party absorbed by state Rep. Style: agent of state |
| How have the activities of parties changed in recent decades? What are the consequences of these changes? | Have a new nomination process. No longer use Precinct Caucus. Consequences: Loss of control over nomination process, loss of control over issues, now "endorsed" candidates rarely get voted for. |
| How do party leaders differ from party members? Why do they differ? What implications do these differences have for parties as linkage mechanisms? | Party leaders have more control, choose candidates, control over issues and party members, they write the party platform. |
| What is meant by the DECENTRALIZATION of parties in the US? How and why are US parties decentralized? | No centralization of power, no control, no power over affairs of the party. Reasons: 1. US is a federal system so powers are divided amongst multiple parties. 2. Nomination process has changed. No more control over nominations or issues. |
| What is meant by the INSTITUTIONALIZATION of parties in the US? How and why are US parties institutionalized? | Republican and Democratic have become part of our electoral system. Can't imagine election w/out either party. 1. Party label is put on ballot. 2. Campaign finance laws-(Rep. & Dem. get max. budget/payment, minor parties depend on their votes) |
| How and why have parties in the US become less important and less relevant in the conduct of campaigns and elections? | Because the US has evolved and processes have been changed, parties are become less and less needed |
| How have changes in the nomination process contributed to the US's relevance decline? | The changes in the nomination process have had a large contribution to parties' irrelevance by taking over issues and candidate nomination. No longer in the hands of the parties |
| How has reliance on the mass media changed campaigns? What are the consequences of this? (in relation to US becoming less important and less relevant in campaigns and elections.) | W/ mass media evolving (TV, internet, etc.) candidates can communicate & reach out to every voter,no longer need their party. Party loses control over issues,campaign finances,nominations, committees. Individual candidate runs own campaign |
| What is meant by the CENTRALIZATION of parties in a parliamentary system (e.g. Britain)? How and why are parliamentary parties centralized? | Means it's very organized, very in control over issues. Why? Because power and control in the party is exercised by the party leaders. |
| What is meant by PARTY DISCIPLINE? What functions does party discipline serve in parliamentary parties? | Have to abide by party position. It functions to ensure that those on their side follow the party platform and vote in favor of their party's side. (Whips help ensure this) |
| What is meant by the term RESPONSIBLE PARTIES? For what are responsible parties responsible? What difference does a responsible party system make to citizens? | Responsible for policy. If someone is held accountable, you need to know who is responsible. Majority party is responsible. Parties must act in unison. If one person screws up, citizens hold the entire part accountable. |
Created by:
rhanson