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ch 13 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| solvation | the clustering of solvent molecules around a solute particle |
| hydration | salvation when the solvent is water |
| crystallization | the process in which a dissolved solute comes out of solution and forms a crystalline solid |
| saturated | a solution in which undissolved solute and dissolved solute are in equilibrium |
| unsaturated | solutions containing less solute than a saturated solution |
| supersaturated | solutions containing more solute than an equivalent saturated solution |
| miscible | liquids that mix in all proportions |
| immiscible | liquids that do not dissolve in one another to a significant extent |
| Henry's law | a law stating that the concentration of a gas in a solution, c sub g, is proportional to the pressure of gas over the solution; C sub g =kP sub g |
| mass percentage | the number of grams of solute in each 100 g of solution |
| parts per million (ppm) | the concentration of a solution in grams of solute per 10^6 (million) grams of solution; equals milligrams of solute per liter of solution for aqueous solutions |
| parts per billion (ppb) | the concentration of a solution in grams of solute per 10^9 (billion) grams of solution; equals micrograms of solute per liter of solution for aqueous solutions |
| molarity | the concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution; abbreviated M |
| colligative property | those properties of a solvent (vapor-pressure lowering, freezing-piont lowering, boiling-piont elevation, osmotic pressure) that depend on the total concentration of solute particles present |
| Raoult's law | a law stating that the partial pressure of a solvent over a solution, P sub A, is given by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent, P little circle sub A, times the mole fraction of a solvent in the solution, X sub A : P sub A =X sub A P little circle subA |
| ideal solution | a solution that ovens Raoult's law |
| molal boiling-point-elevation constant (K sub b) | a constant characteristic of a particular solvent that gives the increase in boiling point as a function of solution molality : delta T sub b = K sub b m |
| molal freezing-point-depression constant (K sub f) | a constant characteristic of a particular solvent that gives the decrease in freezing point as a function of solution molality : delta T sub f = K sub f m |
| osmosis | the net movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane toward the solution with greater solute concentration |
| osmotic pressure | the pressure that must be applied to a solution to stop osmosis from pure solvent into the solution |
| colloids (colloidial dispersions) | mixtures containing particles larger than normal solutes but small enough to remain suspended in the dispersing medium |
| Tyndall effect | the scattering of a beam of visible light by the particles in a colloidal dispersion |
| hydrophilic | water attracting. the term is often used to describe a type of colloid |
| hydrophobic | water repelling. the term is often used to describe a type of colloid |
Created by:
agloskowski
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