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chem 104 final
chapter 21
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Lipid Membranes have how many layers? | 2 |
Which of the following has the largest percentage of cholesterols and cholesterol esters? | LDL |
What do we mean by an essential fatty acid? | A fatty acid which must be part of our diets since we cannot synthesize it. |
Which of the following is associated with thromboxanes? | Platelet clumping. |
which of the following are secondary messengers? | both(a)and(b) thromboxanes, prostaglandins, leukotrienes |
Which of the following transports cholesterol to the liver? | HDL |
Which hormone inhibits further ovulation once an egg has been fertilized? | Progesterone |
Which of the following is the result of high cholesterol levels inside cells? | Less LDL is taken into the cells from the plasma. |
Where in the body are leukotrienes most commonly found? | white blood cells. |
which of the following correctly describes membrane proteins? | Any of the above, depending on the specific membrane protein |
what is the function of secondary messengers such as prostaglandins? | To carry a message from one part of a cell to another part of the cell. |
Which of the following are primary messengers? | Steroid Hormones. |
Which of the following correctly describes the function of cox-1 and cox-2? | COX-1 catalyzes normal physiological production of prostaglandins, but COX-2 promotes production of prostaglandins in inflammation. |
What is the function of a steroid hormone primary messenger? | To deliver signals from one part of the body to another. |
How many rings are associated with the steroid structure? | 4 rings |
Which of the following is generally called "bad cholesterol?" | LDL |
Which of the following is a function of unsaturated fatty acids in membranes? | They give the interior of the membrane liquid like structure. |
Where is cholesterol synthesized? | In the liver. |
Which of the following reactions is the source of trans fatty acids found in some processed foods? | Hydrogenation. |
Which of the following is generally called "good cholesterol?" | HDL |
Lipids perform which of the following functions? | all of the above, (just remember what a lipid is/does.) storage, membrane components, chemical messengers |
Which of the following is used to define lipids? | Their insolubility in water. |
Myelin, the coating of nerve axons is which type of lipid? | Sphingolipid |
Aspirin and other NSAIDs do which of the following? | Inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 activity. |
Which of the following carries cholesterol to the cells? | LDL |
What is the IUPAC name of glycerol? | 1,2,3-propanetriol |
In glycerophospholipids where is the phosphate group attached to glycerol? | At a terminal carbon only. |
Cholesterol is used as which of the following? | All of these. (just remember what cholesterol does/ is.) component of membrane and precursor of all steroid hormones and bile acids. |
Which of the following describes the distribution of the polar and nonpolar portions of lipids in the lipid bilayer? | Both polar heads are on the outside of the bilayer and both hydrophobic tails are on the inside of the bilayer. |
Which hormone triggers ovulation? | luteinizing hormone |
Which alcohol is a component of all triglycerides? | Glycerol |
How many different types of lipoproteins are associated with cholesterol transport? | 4 (HDL,LDL,VLDL,CHYLOMICRONS) |