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Chapter 4 (Part 2)
Aqueous Reactions (Test 2)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is molarity used to describe? | solution concentration |
| What is the equation for molarity? | Molarity = (# mol solute/# L solution) |
| What does molarity relate? | moles and liters |
| You can always replace "M" with what? | (mol/L) |
| What is the equation for solution by dilution? | M1V1=M2V2 |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture containing only one phase |
| solvent | the substance dissolving |
| solute | the substance being dissolved |
| aqueous solution | a solution in which the solvent is water |
| Substances that do what in aqueous solutions will conduct electricity? | form ions |
| When ionic compounds dissolve in water, what do they do? | dissociate into ions |
| Some molecular compounds form ions when they dissolve in water, and this is called what? | ionization |
| electric current | flow of charge |
| electrolyte | a substance that conducts an electric current when dissolved in water. Thus, it is a substance that forms ions in aqueous solutions. |
| Strong electrolytes (substances that completely dissociate into ions in aqueous solution) include: | strong acids, strong bases, and soluble salts |
| Weak electrolytes (substances that partially ionize in aqueous solution) include: | weak acids and weak bases |
| Nonelectrolytes (substances that are soluble in water, but which do not form ions in aqueous solution) include: | alcohols and sugars |
| What are the seven strong acids? | HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4, HClO3 |
| What are the eight strong bases? | LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 |
| salt | any ionic compound whose cation is not hydrogen and whose anion is not hydroxide; the product of an acid-base reaction |
| precipitation reaction | two soluble ionic compounds react to form an insoluble product; driving force is the formation of an insoluble product; a double displacement reaction |
| What are the three steps in writing a net ionic equation? | 1. Write the molecular equation, where every compound is written in its neutral form. 2. Ask: "Is it a strong electrolyte?". If yes, write it as its ions, moving subscripts into coefficients. If no, keep it in its neutral form. 3. Remove spectator ions. |
| Salts whose cation is from Group 1 are ...? | always soluble |
| Salts whose cation is NH4^+ are ...? | always soluble |
| Salts whose anion is NO3^- are ...? | always soluble |
| Salts whose anion is ClO4^- are ...? | always soluble |
| Salts whose anion is C2H3O2^- are ...? | always soluble |
| Salts whose anion is Cl^-, Br^-, or I^- are ...? | usually soluble except if the cation is Ag^+, Pb^2+, Hg2^2+, or Cu^+ |
| Salts whose anion is SO4^2- are ...? | usually soluble except if the cation is Ag^+, Pb^2+, Ca^2+, Sr^2+, or Ba^2+ |
| Metal hydroxides are ...? | usually insoluble except if they are strong bases |
| Salts whose anion is CO3^2- are ...? | usually insoluble except if the cation is from Group 1 or NH4^+ |
| Salts whose anion is PO4^3- are ...? | usually insoluble except if the cation is from Group 1 or NH4^+ |
| Salts whose anion is S^2- are ...? | usually insoluble except if the cation is from Group 1, 2, or NH4^+ |
| acid-base reaction | a double displacement reaction involving an acid and a base; forms a salt and water. |
| acid | a substance that produces H^+ ions in aqueous solution |
| base | a substance that produces OH^- ions in aqueous solution |
| Strong acids and bases do what in aqueous solution? | completely ionize |
| Weak acids and bases do what in aqueous solution? | partially ionize |
| The net ionic equation of a strong acid and a strong base contains what? | hydrogen, oxygen, and water |
| The net ionic equation of a strong acid and a weak base or a strong base and a weak acid contains what? | a weak acid or base and water along with the dissociating ions from the strong acid or base |
| Precipitation and acid-base are both examples of what? | metathesis or double displacement reactions |
Created by:
2nenogirl
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