Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Protein Synthesis
Protein synthesis and Enzymes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| main organelles in protein synthesis | nucleus, ribosomes, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER) ,Golgi apparatus |
| nuclear envelope | double layer that encloses nucleus (each layer a phosholipid bilayer, like the cell membrane) |
| nuclear pores | channel-like open passageways that allow movement of large particles in and out |
| when a cell is not dividing the DNA is called | chromatin-fine filament |
| When its dividing its called | chromosome-tighlty coiled with proteins |
| where are ribosomes produced and what are they made of | nucleolus, protein and RNA, large subunit (EPA site) and small subunit |
| what organelle synthesizes proteins | ribosomes |
| Free ribosomes vs bound | free- suspended in cytosol, synthesize proteins for use w/in cell bound- attacthed to enternal surface of rER |
| what is rER and what does it do | interconnected membrane network that is a factory for protein synthesis, it modifies, transports, and stores proteins produced by bound ribosomes |
| what is golgi apparatus and how is it involved | composed of several elongated sac-like membranous strucutes called cisterns that has cis (closer to ER) and trans face the bound ribosome in rER sysntesis proteins that are sent to golgi golgi modifies, packages, and sorts the proteins "mail room" |
| where do proteins go after golgi | incorporated into cell membrane and exported from cell within or house within lysosomes |
| where does transcription occur | nucleus |
| what is transcription | a segment of DNA is read and copied to produce RNA in 3 stages, initiation, elongation and termination |
| initiation | 1. Dna double helix unwound by enzymes so it is available for reading 2. binding of other enzymes breaks bonds between DNA strands, esposing N bases 3. RNA polymerasse, enzyme attaches to Dna to find start region |
| template strand | Dna read by RNA polymerase, RNA formed complimentary |
| coding strand | strand not copied. RNA same sequence expect no T=U |
| Elongation | 1. Rna polymerase moves along template strand 2. Free ribonucleotided base pair in a complimentary way w/ exposed bases of DNA REads DNA 3 to 5 and RNA from 5-3 |
| Termination | 1. Rna polymerase reaches terminal region of end game,released from DNA 3. H bonds between DNA strand and new RNA strand are broken 4. DNA rewinds double helix 5. pre mRNA ramains in nuclues |
| overal transcription... | enzyme RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and strands together a chain of complimentary RNA nucleotides |
| Post transcitional capping | bonding of ribonucleotide (G) to 5 end of mRNA poly A tail removal of terminal segments of mRNA and replaced with ribonucleotides containing adenenin on 3 end |
| Splicing | non coding regions, introns are spliced out, while coding regions, exons remain |
| now mRNA leaves nucleus and enters | cytoplasm |
| Translation occurs in cytoplams and it | synthesizes an new protein mRNA is threaded though a ribosome "read" assembling amino acids into a protein |
| initiation | 1. small subunit of ribosome moves along mRNA until start codon (AUG) reached. 2. It will recruit a tRNA w/complimentayr anticodon 3. aminoacyle-tRNA synthetase catalyzes attatchment of amino acid methonine to this tRNA. now its chargd 4. now in P site |
| elongation | 1. anticodon of charged trna complimentary base pairs with codon of mRNA in A site where new polypeptides are added. 2. bond formed and ribosomes shifts downstream 1 codon 3. mRNA start codon and complimentary Trna (no amino acid) in E site 4. new mRNa |
| termination | 1. stop codon (UGA, UAA, UAG) enters A site 2. instead of charged tRNA binding, a releasing factor enters 3. 2 subunits of the ribosome separate, newly synthesized polypeptide chain is now released |
| Post transcriptional modifications | attatch various other biochemical functional groups to the protein to expand its range of functions. This occurs in rER and golgo |
| Primary structure of protein | linear sequence of amino acids bonded together through covalent peptide bonds |
| secondary structure | patters w/in a protein that may repeat alpha helix-spiral coil, elasticity beta helix-planar pleated arrangement, flexibility |
| tertiary structure | final 3-d shape, repeating secondary structures globular or fibrous |
| globular protein and ex | compact, spherical ex. enzymes, hormones |
| fibrous protein and ex | entended linear ex. ligament, tendon |
| Quaternary structure | 2 or more seperate proteins only present in proteins of multiple polypeptide chains each individual polypeptide has its own 1, 2 , and 3 strucute ex. hemoglobin |
| Chaperone proteins | assist with folding and assembly prevent misfolding |
| what can proteins do | participate in chem rxns function as an enzyme form a portion of the plasma membrane |
| catabolism and ex | complex molecule to simple by decomposition ex. hydrolysis |
| anabolism | 2 simple to make a complex molecule dehydration synthesis |
| exhange rxn | AB+C ........A +BC |
| irrerversible rxn | net loss of reactans, net gain of products A+B.....AB one way AB......A +B |
Created by:
briannasiravo