Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Adv. Biochem Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fermentation of produces what? | Ethanol and lactate |
| 3 stages of glycolysis are essentially irreversible. What are the enzymes at these 3 stages? | Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase. Note: all are kinases |
| ATP inhibits phosphofructokinase even though ATP is also a substrate for the enzyme. This phenomenon is an example of _______________? | allosteric inhibition |
| onsider the conversion: alanine to lactic acid to glucose. This is an example of___________? | gluconeogenesis |
| Cori cycle reduces pyruvate from glycolysis to lactic acid, producing ________ for use in glycolysis | NAD+ |
| Cori cycle reduces pyruvate from glycolysis to lactic acid, producing ________ for use in glycolysis | In the mitochondria |
| fructose 6-phosphate is phosphorylated to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by ___________ and ATP | phosphofructokinase |
| Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis are ___________ regulated | reciprocally |
| Glucose synthesis occurs mostly in _________? | The Liver |
| In glycolysis, glucose is phosphorylated to glucose 6-phosphate by________ and ATP | hexokinase |
| Citric acid cycle compounds "Our City Is Kept Safe And Sound From Malice": | Oxaloacetate Citrate Isocitrate alpha-Ketoglutarate Succinyl-CoA Succinate Fumarate Malate |
| Glycolysis Enzymes "High Profile People Act Too Glamorous, Picture Posing Every Place": | Hexokinase Phosphoglucose isomerase Phosphofructokinase (PFK) Aldase A Triose phosphate isomerase Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Phosphoglycerate mutase Enolase Pyruvate kinase |
| Glycolysis Pathway Mnemonic: Girls Get Free Food Guys Dine with Good Girls Boys Pretend to Pay for the Pricy People | Glucose Glucose-6-P Fructose 6-P Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-P + Dihydroxyacetone-P 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate Phosphoenolpyruvate Pyruvate |
| Cancer cells undergoes glycolysis ___ more than normal. | 19X’s |
| Galactokinasee deficiency may | lead to cataracts |
| If fructose enters glycolysis at DHAP then? | It has skipped 3 regulated enzymes --> results in uncontrollable fat storage -> Acetyl-CoA formation |
| Lactose intolerance is commonly caused by a deficiency of which enzyme? | Lactase |
| The last enzyme of gluconeogenesis, glucose-6-phosphatatse is located where? | membrane bound in the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Name 3 activators of phosphofructokinase | AMP, insulin, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate |
| Oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis is reduced to what? | Malate |
| The splitting of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to DHAP and GAP is carried out by which enzyme? | Aldolase |
| True or false: ATP acts as an allosteric activator for phosphofructokinase | False: ATP act as an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase |
| A kinase is an enzyme that | uses ATP to add a phosphate group to the substrate |
| For every one molecule of sugar glucose which is oxidized __________ molecule of pyruvic acid are produced. | 2 |
| In the glycogen synthase reaction, the precursor to glycogen is | UDP-Glucose |
| The enzymes of glycolysis in a eukaryotic cell are located in the | Cytosol |
| During glycolysis, the major energy generating step involves | glyceraldehyde-3 -dehydrogenase |
| The glycolytic pathway (Glucose --> 2 Pyruvate) is found | in all living organisms. |
| For each molecule of glucose converted to pyruvate in the glycolytic pathway ___ molecules of ATP are used initially (Stage I) and ____ molecules of ATP are produced (Stage II) for an overall yield of ___ molecules of ATP/glucose. The "ATP math" is: | -2 + 4 = 2 |
| Phosphofructokinase, the major flux-controlling enzyme of glycolysis is allosterically inhibited by ___ and activated by | ATP ADP |
| Cori Cycle | Lactate, produced by glycolysis in non-hepatocytes (muscle and RBCs) is transferred to liver via blood. In liver, lactate is reconverted to pyruvate by LDH and then to glucose by gluconeogenesis and back out to tissue needing glucose. (muscle, brain, and RBCs) |
| what is the key substrate in the regulation of gluconeogenesis? | fructose 2,6, bisphosphate. |
| synth of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is catalyzed by ___ and regulated by ___ | PFK-2, glucagon |
| in starvation mode, what glycolytic enzyme is inhibited and by what hormone in GNG I? | pyruvate kinase, glucagon |
| 90% of glucose formed in GNG is supplied by the ____ | Liver |
| True or false: NAD+ is needed to complete glycolysis, once all NAD+ reduced to NADH, glycolysis stops | True |
| True or false: Most gluconeogenesis reactions end at glucose 6-phosphate and not glucose | True |
| True or false: most enzymes of gluconeogenesis are located in the mitochondrial matrix? | False. Except for pyruvate carboxylate and glucose-6-phosphatase, all gluconeogenesis enzymes are cytoplasmic. |
| True or false: phosphofructokinase contains additional binding sites for allosteric effectors | True. phosphofructokinase has several activators and inhibitors |
| True or false: The phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase inhibits the enzyme | True |
| Under strict anaerobic conditions, the catabolism of one glucose molecule would yield a net of______________________? | 2 ATP and 2 lactic acid molecules |
| What are the allosteric effectors of pyruvate kinase? specify activator or inhibitor | Alanine (inhibitor), Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (activator) |
| What are the net products of the glycolysis of one glucose molecule? | 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH+ |
| What four enzymes are regulators of gluconeogenesis? | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate carboxylase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose 6-phosphatase |
| What is the function of NAD+ in glycolysis? | Oxidizing agent and cofactor allowing inorganic phosphate to be added to GAP |
| Which enzyme and its associated components are only located in the endoplasmic reticulum. | Glucose 6-Phosphatase |
| Which of the following enzymes does not function in association with a membrane? A. Permease B. Na+/K+ ATPase C. Adenylate cyclase D. Phosphofructokinase E. Coenzyme Q reductase | Phosphofructokinase |
| Which process is used by humans to get energy from pyruvate in the absence of oxygen? | Cori Cycle |
| Which product (other than ATP) of the TCA cycle inhibits phosphofructokinase? | Citrate |
| Why is there less regulation on fructose metabolism? | Fructose from the liver bypasses regulation of phosphofructokinase, does not lead to F-2,6-BP, hence less regulation on fructose metabolism |
| Describe what happens when active muscles go anarobic. Describe the pathways used. | 1. Cori cycle. 2. Gluconeogenesis Pyruvate to lactate via LDH. Lactate is transported in the blood to the liver. Lactate to pyruvate to glucose via gluconeogenesis. Glucose back to the muscles for glycolysis |
Created by:
bbez