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P&P 4 Finals
NWHSU T4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which is an example of segmental sympathicotonia due to T6 subluxation? | Reduced intestinal peristalsis |
| Adjusting upper thoracic fixation may improve cardiac function by affecting | Preganglionic sympathetic fibers |
| The main object in adjusting patient with muscular weakness caused by subluxation to | Remove nerve compression |
| Recurrent unilateral spasm of the hyoid muscles causes inability to swallow or speak due to subluxation of | C1,2,3 - Cervical pelxus, ansa cervicalis |
| (Pressure) stimulation of spindle cells has which affect? | Changes in muscle tone |
| Cavitation takes place in the _______ zone of movement. | Paraphysiologic |
| Which is the main structural feature that contributes to thoracic kyphosis? | Vertebral body wedging |
| Which structure restricts L5 in lateral flexion from the erect standing posture? | Iliolumbar ligaments |
| ___________ is the key function o the anterior motion segment. | Weight bearing |
| Contraction of which muscle may cause direct irritation or pressure on the scaitic nerve? | Piriformis |
| The area of the spinal cord which conducts efferent and afferent impulses for spinal relfexes is comprised of: | Propriospinal |
| Which tissue creates restraining mechanisms of moving parts by the formation of bands, pulleys and check structures? | Connective tissue |
| Which is the final result of unrelieved compression of a nerve root? | Wallerian degeneration |
| Instantaneous relaxtion of a muscle following nonspecific manipulation may be due to: | Stimulation of Golgi Tendon Organs |
| Which area of the spine could/should/may be adjusted in a person with mild cholecystitis | T6-T9 |
| Axoplasmic aberration is commonly the result of: | Nerve root compression |
| What is responsible for transporting nerve growth factors from the nerve cell terminal to the nerve cell body? | Retrograde axoplasmic flow |
| Vertebral subluxation ay cause IBS due to: | Somatoautonomic reflex |
| Which is likely area of obstruction to blood flow in the vertebral artery? | Foramen transversarium |
| Saltatory conduction occurs at the: | Nodes of ranvier |
| The principle function of the posterior elements of vertebra is | Directional guidance |
| In the adsence of osseous pathology, a patient with an occluded left vertebral artery will show clinical symptoms when the head is in which position? | left rotation and extension |
| Which is characteristic of monosynaptic reflexes? | No involvement of interneurons (internuncials) |
| Which hypothesis of subluxation postulates alteration of nerve growth when the spinal nerve root becomes irritated or compressed by vertebral subluxation? | Axoplasmic aberration |
| Involuntary upright posture is mediated by the ______ system | Extrapyramidal |
| Which one of the following symptoms is NOT associated with reflex sympathetic dystrophy? | Hypoalgesia |
| Wncroachment of the ______ nerve occurs in the Tunnel of Guyon syndrome | Ulnar |
| The posterior boundary of the typical IVF is formed by the: | Articular process |
| The least likely consequence of an SI subluxation is: | Nerve compression |
| Which is a major function of the uncovertebral joint? | Restricting lateral flexion of the cervical spine |
| Which nucleus helps to explain the neuroanatomic basis of headache? | Spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (trigeminocervical nucleus) |
| The energy loss exhibited by a visoeleastic material when subjected to loading and unloading is called: | Hysteresis |
| Which is the fundamental pathophysiology caused by the subluxation? | Alteration of the neurological bed |
| Spinous process percussion producing acute pain which immediately subsides indicates: | Somatic joint pathology |
| The vertebral arteries are NOT susceptible to compression at which site: | Between the posterior arch of atlas and spinous process of axis |
| Compression on the nerve fibers of the anterior horn cells result in: | Muscle paresis |
| Vertebral artery compromise is most likely to directly affect which structure? | Brainstem |
| _______ is NOT characteristic of sympathicontonia | bronchoconstriction |
| Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation is associated with which hypthesis: | Cord compression |
| With laxity of the transverse ligament, cord compression is most likely to be produced with which motion? | Flexion |
| Which does NOT result from degeneration caused by chronic nerve compression? | muscle hypertonicity |
| Which condition predisposes to cord compression from subluxation? | Chronic RA |
| Irritation of the posterior vertebral joint mechanorecptors result in? | proprioceptive insult |
| Spinal cord compression most likely affects which tract? | Dorsal columns |
| Which combination of movements will cause the greatest diminution in the size of the cervical IVF? | Lateral bending and extension |
| Compression of the nerve root which supplies the diaphragm is likely to cuase hyperalgesia in which area? | At the top of the shoulder - C3,4,5 |
| Which is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system? | Vasodilation of vessels serving the abdominal viscera |
| The pathological effects of carpal tunne; syndrome parallel which subluxation hypothesis? | Nerve compression |
| The patient has an acute stiff neck, lessened sensation along the lateral aspect of the right arm and inability to grasp objects securely. These symptoms are most likely caused by: | nerve root compression |
| Which movemnt in all regions of the spine is coupled with rotation? | Lateral Flexion |
| Which concept below would be considered a trophic model of subluxation? | Aberrent axoplasmic transport |
| What is the percentage of total cervical axis rotation occuring at the atlantoaxial articulation? | 50% |
| Spinal nerve roots are more vulnerable to compression than Peripheral nerve roots becuase they: | Have a lesser protective connective tissue sheath |
| Subluxation of an upper lumbar vertebra may distrub the function of a pelvic organ through reflex disturbance of: | Preganglionic sympathetic neuron |
| Deformation of the IVD due to sustanied axial compression is known as | Creep |
| Ischemia of the nasal mucosa may cause subluxation by producing secondary irritation to the : | Preganglionic sympathetic fibers |
| The reason for the audible sound which occurs during an adjustment is | Collapse of carbon dioxide gas bubbles |
| Which leads to the loss of nuclear sudstance with internal disruption of the disc during the course of disc degeneration? | Coalesence of annular tears |
| Which is the most likely to put increased stress on the discs in the cervical spine? | Hypolordosis |
| Peripheral nerve entraptment is characterized by: | Flaccid paralysis |
| _______ is characteristic of a pathological relfex. | Muscle reponse with sustained hypertonus rather than useful action |
| Which type of pain usually accompanies facet syndrome? | Sclerotogenous |
| _______ best describes an intervertbral motion segment | Two contigous vertebrae and all intervening soft tissue elemensts |
| overstimulation of sensory receptors which result from vertebral disrelationship is common to which subluxation hypothesis? | Proprioceptive insult |
| Antibody production secondary to the adjustment is associated with which hypothesis: | Neurodystrophic |
| Asymmetric mechanotecptor stimulation is a mechanism for which chiropracitc theory? | Proprioceptive insult |
| Which is least likely involved in maintiaing upright relaxed posture? | elasticity of muscle |
| The major intersegmental mobility in head nodding occurs between | C0-C1 |
| Dull unrlenting low back pain initiated by prolong sitting may be attributed to: | Proprioceptive insult |
| Which concept of the hierarchic organization of the vertebral subluxation complex is the "central goal" in chiropractic clinical practice? | Kinesiopathology |
| Joint mobilization DOES NOT restore_____ | Cross-bridging of collagen fibers it acutally break them |
| What is the central theme of neurodystrophic hypothesis? | Lowered tissue resistance |
| According to the intervertebral encrouchemnt theory, which one of the following clinical signs is NOT the result of decreased neural activity? | Vasoconstriction |
| Which one of the following is a long lever arm procedure description? | Force is applied distal to the axis of rotation (like osteopathic manipulation) |
| An infectious process resulting in ligamentous laxity and atlantoaxial subluxation where patients complain of unrelenting throat and neck pain | Grisel's syndrome |
| Mild neurological complications occur secondary to cervical manipulation in 1 of ____ cases | 40,000 |
| Which one of the fallowing is NOT true of the helper T cell response | T-cells synthesize antibodies |
| Which researcher is creditied with laying the groundwork for the subluxation theory known as "proprioceptive insult" hypothesis? | Irwin Korr |
| Which one of the following is the appropriate term to use when spinal dysfunction results in changes in the cardiovascular system? | Somatovisceral reflex |
| Pain and inflammation are typically associated with spinal subluxation. What is the term used to describe the state in which C-fibers and local tissue cell prepetiate inflammation? | neurogenic inflammation |
| Which term is used to describe a putatuve mechanism by which a neurocompressive spinal subluxation will influence the nervous system? | Altered axoplasmic transport |
| Palmer's earliest concept of subluxation etiology contered upon this idea | Nerve compression |
| Name the mechanism associated with articular stractural dysfucation capable of mimicking the signs and symptoms of internal organ disease | Simulated visceral disease model |
| The neuropathophysiologic componet of the Faye model of vertebral subluxation complex is most associated with | Iritation/compression |
| Which of the fallowing would not be used in a static definition of vertbral subluxation? | Segmental hypomobility |
| Which one of the following is most often used to asses the spinal lesion known as spondoylolisthesis? | Meyerding's classification |
| Cervical subluxation at what level is most associated with stroke CVA? | C0-C1, C1-C2 |
| Name the thrid stage of spinal degeneration? | Stabilization |
| Which concept would be considered a trophic model of subluxation? | Aberrent axoplasmic transport |
| The component of the VSC most directly associated with hypomobility is termed: | Kinesiopathology |
| The VSC component most directly associated with the concept of facilitation or sustained receptor activation/hyperactivity is the _______ component | Neuropathology |
| The VSC component most directly associated with inflammation and swelling is the ______ component | Histopathology |
| Which subluxation hypothesis is BEST described by the phrase "lowered tissue resistance is the cause of disease" | Neurodystrophic |
| Identify the component of the part acronym that is most cloasly associated with the histopathologic componet of the VSC | Tissue, tone, temperature, and texture abnormality |
| Identify the compoent of the PARTS acronym that is most closely associated with the neuropathophysiologic component of the VSC | Pain and tenderness |
| All the following are associated with segmental dysfunction Execpt | Misalignment of the motion segment |
Created by:
missymak19