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Psy Learning Ch. 4

Psychology of Learning Ch. 4

Question	Answer
acquisition	The process of developing and strengthening a conditioned response through repeated pairings of an NS (or CS) with a US
blocking	The phenomenon whereby the presence of an established CS interferes with conditioning of a new CS
compound stimulus	A complex stimulus that consists of the simultaneous presentation of two or more individual stimuli
disinhibition	The sudden recovery of a response during an extinction procedure when a novel stimulus is introduced
experimental neurosis	An experimentally produced disorder in which animals exposed to unpredictable events develop neurotic-like symptoms
external inhibition	A decrease in the strength of the conditioned response due to the presentation of a novel stimulus at the same time as the conditioned stimulus
extinction	The process whereby a conditioned response can be weakened or eliminated when the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the US; also, the procedure whereby this happens, namely, the repeated presentation of the CS in the absence of the US
higher-order conditioning	The process whereby a neutral stimulus that is associated with a CS (rather than a US) also becomes a CS
latent inhibition	The phenomenon whereby a familiar stimulus is more difficult to condition as a CS than is an unfamiliar (novel) stimulus
occasion setting	A procedure in which a stimulus (known as an occasion setter) signals that a CS is likely to be followed by the US with which it is associated
overshadowing	The phenomenon whereby the most salient member of a compound stimulus is more readily conditioned as a CS and thereby interferes with conditioning of the least salient member
pseudoconditioning	A situation in which an elicited response that appears to be a CR is actually the result of sensitization rather than conditioning
semantic generalization	The generalization of a conditioned response to verbal stimuli that are similar in meaning to the CS
sensory preconditioning	In this phenomenon, when one stimulus is conditioned as a CS, another stimulus with which it was previously associated can also become a CS
spontaneous recovery	The reappearance of a conditioned response to a CS following a rest period after extinction
stimulus discrimination	The tendency for a response to be elicited more by one stimulus than another
stimulus generalization	The tendency for a CR to occur in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to the CS
temporal conditioning	A form of classical conditioning in which the CS is the passage of time
US revaluation	A process that involves the postconditioning presentation of the US at a different level of intensity, thereby altering the strength of response to the previously conditioned CS
The development of conditioned fear response through pairing a flash of light with a shock is known as ___.	acquisition
In pairing a light with a shock, a brighter light will result in ___.	stronger conditioning
Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a ___ following a rest period after ___.	CR; extinction
The term ___ refers to the sudden recovery of a response during an extinction procedure when a ___ stimulus is introduced.	disinhibition; novel
Disinhibition is similar to dishabituation in that both involve ___.	novel stimuli
When Bobby was little, his mother used to tell him, "Be polite," and thens slap him. As an adult, Bobby feels anxious whenever he overhears a mother tell her child, "Say thank you." This seems to be an example of ___.	semantic generalization
Broader is to narrower as ___.	generalization is to discrimination
A multiple choice exam is similar to the phenomenon of ___.	stimulus discrimination
In determining whether my goldfish is capable of visually distinguishing blue from green, it would be best to use a(n) ___ procedure.	discrimination training
In ___, a stimulus that is associated with a CS also becomes a CS.	higher-order conditioning
In ___, a CS is used in place of a US to condition another CS.	higher-order conditioning
In higher-order conditioning, a(n) ___ is used in place of a(n) ___ to condition another stimulus.	CS; US
In higher-order conditioning, the response to the CS2 is usually weaker than the response to the ___.	US and CS1
Ben immediately takes a liking to Juan after learning that she is a friend of the famous pop artist, Alicia Keys, whom he has always adored. This situation seems most analogous to the process of ___.	higher-order conditioning
One day, in the meeting room, a couple of coworkers verbally attack you, causing you to feel quite anxious. Later that day, you also feel anxious when you are in the staff lounge, even though no one else is present. This example best illustrates ___.	sensory preconditioning
An experiment on classical conditioning involves the presentation of two stimuli of different intensity. This is most likely an experiment on which of the following phenomena?	overshadowing
Suppose for a project, you do 80% of the work and also do a good job of presenting it. However, your teacher gives a higher mark to another member who contributed very little, but who is very outgoing. This example is most similar to the process of ___.	overshadowing
The phenomenon of ___ indicates that mere contiguity is insufficient for conditioning.	blocking and overshadowing
Prior conditioning is to more salient as ___ is to ___.	blocking; overshadowing
In what is known as ___, it is easier to condition a less familiar stimulus as a CS.	latent inhibition
Sol was harassed by a couple of bullies while walking home from school one day. Although the two bullies were equally abusive, he developed a much stronger fear of the bully whom he had never seen before. This seems to be an example of ___.	latent inhibition
A form of classical conditioning in which the ___ is the passage of time is ___.	CS; temporal conditioning
Feeling hungry at the same time each day is best described as an example of ___.	temporal conditioning
The term ___ refers to a procedure in which a certain stimulus indicates that a CS will be followed by the US with which it is associated.	occasion setting
Julie finds that by focusing on the strangely dressed man in the front aisle, her stage fright is somewhat alleviated. This is best described as an example of ___.	external inhibition
A conditioning procedure in which the strength of the US varies over time is ___.	US revaluation
In pseudoconditioning, the "CR" is ___.	the result of sensitization rather than conditioning
Group 1: exposed to a procedure in which a tone and a shock are paired. Group 2: exposed to a procedure in which the tone and shock are not paired. The difference between groups in strength of responding to the tone represents the effect of ___.	conditioning
In pairing a bee with a sting, a bigger bee should result in ___.	stronger conditioning
Sam refuses to talk to Bobbi ever since he saw her holding hands with the person who used to harass him in the sixth grade. This situation seems most analogous to the process of ___.	higher-order conditioning
When we have reached the maximum amount of conditioning that can be obtained, we say we have reached the ___ of conditioning.	asymptote
In overshadowing, the ___ member of a compound stimulus is more easily conditioned as a CS.	more salient
In external inhibition, the presentation of a novel stimulus at the same time as the ___ produce a(n) decrease in the strength of the ___.	CS; CR
Once a phobia has extinguished ___	it is relatively easy to reacquire
In ___, the elicited response is actually the result of sensitization rather than conditioning.	pseudoconditioning
If a pigeon always receives a frightening air blast following the presentation of a red light, it will show a stronger fear response to the presentation of a(n) ___ light than a(n) ___ light.	red; orange-reddish AND orange-reddish; orange
The term __ refers to the post-conditioning presentation of a US at a different level of intensity, thereby altering the strength of response to the US with which it was associated.	US revaluation
When Juan's childhood friend became a famous movie star, Juan also became something of a town celebrity. This is most analogous to the process of ___.	sensory preconditioning

Created by: Graceful666

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