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Open-ended questions are preferable to closed-ended questions in what situation?
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Inter-observer reliability occurs when:
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researchfinalquizzes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Open-ended questions are preferable to closed-ended questions in what situation? | The range of responses cannot be anticipated |
| Inter-observer reliability occurs when: | different observers measure the same phenomena and get the same results |
| When researchers measure an unchanging phenomenon at two different times, the degree to which the two measurements are related is called: | test-retest reliability |
| "Location in which respondent was born" is an example of what level of measurement? | nominal |
| Which level of measurement has a value that signifies absolutely no amount of whatever variable it indicates? | ratio |
| What is good strategy to increase the chances that a new measure will be reliable and valid? | (all of the above) organize a group discussion with potential respondents with possible questions, conduct cognitive interviews, audiotape and review interviews during pre-test |
| The list from which elements of a population are selected for a sample is known as the: | sampling frame |
| A survey that takes measurements from all elements of a population is known as a: | census |
| In the population of New Town 30% of people work for Bigg Corp, 30 for public sector and 40 self employed. In survey of 100 residents, 40 for Bigg 40 public 20 self. sample was: | unrepresentative |
| A researcher studying a small town reliiousity in US randomly selected 10 states. From states 1/10 of counties. From counties 1/10 of cities with populations smaller than 10k. From that, ten practitioners. Which is NOT a cluster? | practitioners |
| When 1936 Literary Digest poll found overwhelming support for Alfred Landon's presidential bid over Roosevelt, made enormous prediction Landon would defeat and win. What are probably sources for error that explain their mistake? | non-response rate was high, sample was not representative of the population, failed to use probability sampling techniques |
| A researcher decided to study people who hunt in a nearby forest. Asks a hunter to do interview. Then asks friend for other people. Then asks those people for more names. This sampling technique is: | snowball sampling |
| In an experiment, the posttest measures: | the dependent variable |
| True experiments are designed to maximize: | internal validity |
| Researcher B collects the number of new building permits issued in Sunny City every 5 years prior to new development controls, and 5 yearsa after new controls in place. Wants to know if development controls changed number of building permits. design: | time series |
| While studying results of welfare, place falls into recession. Posttest find program unsuccessful. Designers claim inconclusive because of internal validity. Which type of internal validity is the problem? | history effect |
| Textbook indicates that the "Achilles heel" of true experimental design is: | generalizability |
| researcher is asked to distribute medication to subjects. Each labeled with participants number, neither researcher or participant knows who gets real or placebo. What type of experimental method is this? | double-blind procedure |
| If sufficient resources and a trained staff are available, which survey design is almost always preferable? | in-person interviews |
| Anonymity exists when: | no identifying information is ever collected to link respondent to responses |
| Filter questions are used primarily to: | limit certain survey questions to competent subgroups of respondents |
| The single most important requirement for obtaining an adequate response rate to a mailed survey is: | sending a follow-up email to nonrespondents |
| What guideline does the following question violate in terms of guidelines for writing questions: "Do you favr or oppose tougher drug fines and longer mandatory sentences? | avoid double-barreled questions |
| Reactive effects in participant observation can be reduced by | building rapport with other participants |
| A member of a social setting who can provide access to that setting for a researcher is known as a: | gatekeeper |
| Focus groups are useful for all of the following but: developing hypotheses, assessing range of opinions about issue, investigating meaning of results, generalizing findings, developing survey questions | generalizing findings |
| Thick description attempts to convey a sense of what it is like to experience something from the standpoint of the: | natural actors in the setting |
| Intensive interviewing and focus groups should be conducted until: | a saturation point is reached |
| Progressive focusing involves: | refining the study focus by interacting with data during the study period |
| Although the volume of datat collected in qualitative analysis can overwhelm an inexperienced researcher, Schutt recommends which of the following to keep control of data? | maintain a disciplined transcription schedule |
| Tacit knowledge is best defined as: | largely unarticulated, contextual understandings of social processes |
| Grounded theory requires analysts to: | induce theory from observations |
| A researcher wants to explore the ways in which we build trust in online gaming. She submerses self in language + customs of an online gaming world, playing every day to get grasp on virtual surroundings. She uses what methodology? | netnography |
| Professor Smith is conducting research on bullying and has developed a research design that includes both observations at a local school and survey interviews with students. This is a prime example of: | mixed methods research |
| Which of the following are used to summarize the central tendency of quantitative variables? | median and mean |
| If the mean is greater than the median, which of the following must be true? | The variable's distribution must be positively skewed |
| In a regression of analysis, if r = 0 then: | There is no linear correlation |
| The total number of cases in a distribution is called: | the base number N |
| When a distribution contains outliers, what measure of central tendency is most appropriate? | median |
| In a normal curve, roughly what percent of all cases fall within plus or minus two standard deviations? | 95% |
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