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Bontrager Lower Limb

QuestionAnswer
How many bones are in a foot? 26
What are the divisions of bones in the foot? Phalanges, metatarsals, tarsals
How many bones make up the phalanges? 14
How many bones make up the metatarsals? 5
How many bones make up the tarsals? 7
How many phalanx are in the first digit? 2, proximal and distal
How many phalanx are in the 2nd through 5th digits? 3, proximal, middle, and distal
What are the two noticeable differences from the phalanges of the foot and hand? The phalanges of the foot are smaller, and their movements are more limited than the phalanges of the hand
What are the 3 parts divisions of the metatarsals? Head, body, and base
Where is the base of the metatarsal located? At the proximal end
What is a common trauma site for the foot? Tuberosity at the proximal portion of the 5th metatarsal
What joint is between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit? IP joint; interphalangeal joint
What joint is between the proximal and middle phalanges of the foot? Proximal interphalangeal joint; PIP
What joint is between the middle and the distal phalanges? Distal interphalangeal joint; DIP
What is the joint at the head of the metatarsal? Metatarsophalangeal joint; MTP
What is the joint at the base of the metatarsal? Tarsometatarsal joint; TMT
Where does the CR enter on an AP and oblique foot? Base of the 3rd metatarsal
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body? Patella
Where are the sesamoid bones in the foot usually always located? Posterior or plantar surface at the head of the first metatarsal
What is the sesamoid bone on the medial side of the lower limb called? Tibial sesamoid
What is the sesamoid bone on the lateral side of the lower limb called? Fibular sesamoid bone.
What are the tarsal bones? Calcaneus/ talus/ cuboid/ navicular/ 1st, 2nd, 3rd, cuneiforms
Which ankle bone is directly involved in the ankle joint? Talus
What is the largest and strongest bone of the foot? The calcaneus
What is the posterior portion of the calcaneus often called? The heel
What is the process on the most posterior-inferior part of the calcaneus? Tuberosity
What are the rough and striated processes in which large tendons attache? Lateral and medial processes
Which of the processes is bigger? Lateral process
Which of the processes is smaller and less pronounced? Medial process
What is another ridge of bone that varies in size and shape and is seen laterally on an axial projection? Peroneal trochlea
What is the peroneal trochlea also called? Troclear process
What is on the medial proximal aspect, and is a larger more prominent bony process? Sustentaculum tali
What bones does the calcaneus articulate with? Cuboid anteriorly; talus superiorly
The superior articulation with the talus forms what joint? Subtalar joint
What are the 3 specific articular facets that appear at the subtalar joint? Posterior articular facet, anterior articular facets, middle articular facets.
Which is the largest of the three articular facets? The posterior articular facet
Which is the smaller of the articular facets? Anterior articular facet
What is the deep depression between the posterior and middle articular facets called? Calcaneal sulcus
What is the opening in the middle of the subtalar joint? Sinus tarsi
Where is the navicular located? Medial side of the foot between the talus and the 3 cuneiforms
What bones does the navicular articulate with? Posteriorly with the talus, anteriorly with the 3 cuneiforms
Where are the cuneiforms located? Medial and mid aspects of the foot between the 1st three metatarsals distally and the navicular proximally.
How are the 3 cuneiforms named? Medial or 1st, intermediate or 2nd, and lateral or 3rd
What bones does the medial cuneiform articulate with? 4bones/ Navicular proximally, 1st and 2nd metatarsals distally and the intermediate cuneiform laterally.
What bones does the intermediate cuneiform articulate with? 4bones/ Navicular proximally, 2nd metatarsal distally, and the medial and lateral cuneiforms on each side.
What bones does the lateral cuneiform articulate with? 6bones/ Navicular proximally, 2nd 3rd and 4th metatarsals distally, the intermediate cuneiform medially, and the cuboid laterally.
Where is the cuboid located? Lateral aspect of the foot, distal to the calcaneus and proximal to the 4th and 5th metatarsals.
What bones does the cuboid articulate with? 4bones/ calcaneus proximally, the lateral cuneiform medially, and the 4th and 5th metatarsals distally.
Describe the longitudinal arch. Comprises a medial and lateral component with most of the arch located on the medial and mid aspects of the foot.
Describe the transverse arch. Located primarily along the plantar surface of the distal tarsals and the tarsometatarsal joints. Primarily made up of the wedge-shaped cuneiforms
How many bones form the ankle joint? 3, tibia, fibular, and talus
What is the distal end of the fibula called? Lateral malleolus
What is the medial elongated process of the tibia that extends down alongside the medial talus? Medial malleolus
What is the inferior portions of the tibia, and fibula that form a deep socket called? Mortise
Will an AP ankle show the mortise? No
What projection will show the mortise? 15 degree internally rotated AP oblique projection
What is an expanded process at the distal anterior and lateral tibia that has been shown to articulate with the superiolateral talus? Anterior tubercle
What forms the roof of the ankle mortise joint? Distal tibial joint surface
What is the distal tibial joint surface that forms the roof of the ankle mortise joint called? tibial plafond
What is demonstrated when the ankle joint is seen in a true lateral position? Distal fibula located about 1cm posterior in relation to the distal tibia.
What is demonstrated when the ankle joint is in an axial view? The concave inferior surface of the tibia, lateral and medial malleoli of the fibula and tibia, the smaller fibular is shown to be more posterior
What type of joint is the ankle joint? Synovial joint of the sellar type
What are the 2 bones of the lower leg? Tibia, fibula
What is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg? Tibia
What 3 parts make up the tibia? Central body and 2 extremities
What are the 2 large processes that make up the medial and lateral aspects of the proximal tibia? Medial and lateral condyles
What are the intercondylar eminence divisions? Medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles
Where are the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles located? on the superior surface of the tibial head between the 2 condyles
Describe the articular facets Upper articular surface of the condyles, two smooth concave areas
What are the articular facets commonly called? tibial plateau
What do the articular facets articulate with? femur
Where are the articular facets seen on a lateral view? slope posteriorly from 10- 20 degress in relation to the long axis of the tibia
Where is the tibial tuberosity located? The proximal extremity of the tibia, it is a rough-textured prominence located on the midanterior surface of the tibia just distal to the condyles
What attaches to the tibial tuberosity? Patellar tendon
Osgood-Schlatter disease? when the tibial tuberosity seperates from the body of the tibia
Where is the anterior crest located? along the anterior surface of the body
What is the anterior crest commonly known as? shin, or shin bone
Which is the smaller of the two extremities of the tibia? the distal extremity
What is the short pyramid-shaped process that is at the end of the distal extremity? medial malleolus
The lateral aspect of the distal extremity of the tibia forms what? fibilar notch
Where is the fibula located? laterally and posteriorly to the larger tibia
What is the proximal extremity of the fibula called? head
What is the extreme proximal aspect of the of the fibula? apex
What is the tapered area just below the head of the fibula? neck
What is the enlarged distal end of the fibula called? lateral malleolus
What is the smooth, shallow triangular depression at the distal portion of the anterior femur? patellar surface
What is the patellar surface sometimes referred to as? intercondylar sulcus, trochlear groove
When the leg is fully extended, how does the patella lay? superior to the patellar surface
When the leg is flexed where does the patella lay? moves distally or downward over the patellar surface
What view best demonstrated the two large, rounded condyles posterior view
When the femoral shaft is vertical, where dow the condyles lie? the medial condyle extends lower than the lateral condyle
What is the slightly raised area that receives the tendon of an adductor muscle on the posteriolateral aspect of the medial condyle? adductor tubercle
What is the posterior surface of the distal femur just proximal to the intercondylar fossa? Popliteal surface
Describe the patella flat triangular bone about 2 inches in diameter
Where is the apex of the patella located? along the inferior border
Where is the base of the patella located? along the superior or upper border
Does the patella articulate with the tibia? no
What primarily makes up the knee joint? femorotibial joint between the 2 condyles of the femur and the corresponding condyles of the tibia, also the patellofemoral joint.
Is the proximal fibula apart of the knee joint? no
What ligament extends from femur to the lateral proximal fibula? LCL- lateral collateral ligament
What are some important ligaments of the knee? tibial medial collateral ligament MCL/ posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments PCL and ACL
Wat typle of joint are all of the lower limb (except one)? synovial joints, also diarthroaidal (or freely moveable)
What is the one exception to the joints of the lower extremity? distal tibiofiblar joint
What is the distal tibiofibular joint type? dibrous joint, syndesmosis type and is only slightly movable (or amphiarthroaidal)
Created by: SMarie4646
 

 



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