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Core Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere Composition Today ? | 78% Nitrogen , 21% Oxygen , 1% Noble Gasses and 0.03% CO2 |
| 4 Million Years Ago the main gas in the atmosphere was ... | Co2 |
| 4 Million Years ago there was little .... In the atmosphere | Oxygen |
| 4 Million Years Ago the atmosphere was made up of mainly the gasses .... | Volcanic activity gave out |
| Then .... in the atmosphere condensed forming oceans | Water Vapour |
| SO plants grew which lead to ..... and reduction in .... levels | SO plants grew which lead to photosynthesis and reduction in Co2 levels |
| And Co2 dissolved in to the .... | Oceans |
| What causes rising Co2 in Atmosphere .... | Burning of fossil fuels , Volcanic activity , Live stock farming. |
| Evidence for part atmosphere build up ? | Air Bubbles in Ice Cores |
| TOPIC 2 | TOPIC 2 |
| Sedimentary Rock how is it formed? | Tiny sediments flow down stream, they are disposed at the bottom of the river bed , over time the layers build up and over millions of years heat and pressure act forming a rock. |
| Igneous Rock how is it formed ? | Lava cools forming rock. |
| Metamorphic how formed ? | Other rocks are treated with heat and pressure changing the characteristics. |
| Lime stone uses ? | Building material , mixed with powdered clay to make cement , mix cement with sand and water and gravel to make concrete, heat with sand and NaCo3 to make glass. Used as scrubber in power station, neutralises sulphur. |
| Lime stone obtained by ? consider pros and cons. | Quarrying. |
| Lime stone thermal decomposition (CaCo3) makes ... | CaO (calcium oxide) + Co2 |
| TOPIC 3 | TOPIC 3 |
| Neutralisation word equation : | acid + base -> salt + water |
| Indigestion tablets work by ..... stomach acid | Indigestion tablets work by neutralising stomach acid |
| Neutralisation of metal carbonates produce : | salt + water + Co2 |
| Electrolysis is ... | decomposition of a compound using an electrical (d.c) current. |
| Test for chlorine ... | Bleaches litmus paper |
| TOPIC 4 | TOPIC 4 |
| Metals are found in .... | Ores |
| The process of splitting metals from their oxides is called ... | Extraction |
| Very reactive metals from aluminium to potassium on the reactivity series are extracted using .... | Electrolysis , this can be expensive. |
| Metals less reactive than carbon are extracted by ... | Reduction (heating with carbon). |
| Metals like Gold don't need extracting as .. | Highly unreactive so found pure. |
| The more reactive the metal the easier they ... and rust. | corrode |
| To make metals stronger we use a process called .... | alloying |
| Explain the alloying process. | Iron has all the same sized particles, meaning easily slide over each other . Getting a metal with different sized partials like Steel and adding this in to the structure will ruin the regular arrangement meaning the partials can’t slide over each other. |
| TOPIC 5 | TOPIC 5 |
| Fuels are also called ........ this means they are made of mainly ...... & ..... | Fuels are also called hydrocarbons this means they are made of mainly hydrogen & carbon |
| Most hydrocarbons come from a thick black oil called ... | Crude oil |
| They are split by .... | Fractional distillation |
| Complete combustion creates ... | Co2 + H2O |
| Incomplete combustion creates .... | Carbon Monoxide + Co2 + Soot (carbon) + H2O |
| Risks of carbon monoxide ? | Binds to haemoglobin (in red blood cells) and prevents oxygen being carried round the body leading to suffocation. |
| When choosing fuel consider ? | 1) Ease of ignition 2) Energy Given off 3) By-products 4) Ease of Storage & Transport |
| Acid Rain is caused by ..... being released into atmosphere . Have a think about what this dose to the environment. | Sulphur dioxide |
| Power stations release sulphur dioxide this is prevented by using a .... such as Calcium Carbonate. | Scrubber |
| Carbon dioxide is a ..... gas . This traps .... in the atmosphere. Humans also affect Co2 Levels consider . | Green House , Heat |
| Explain how bio gas is made. | Animals waste is placed in a biogas generator which creates methane. |
| Biofuels like ethanol are ....and produce little or no ... . | renewable , Green house Gasses. |
| ALKANES have .... Bonds . | Single |
| ALKENES have ... bonds. | Double |
| ..... Turn Bromine Water Colourless. | Alkenes |
| Cracking is a form of thermal decomposition which ... | splits a long chain of hydrocarbons making useful alkanes and alkenes. |
| In the process of cracking heat with a ... | catalyst like porcelain chips. |
| Alkenes can be used to make .... | Polymers. |
| Explain Polymerisation. | Take a monomer (1 alkene) e.g Ethene . Break the Double Bond Add other monomers on the end. |
| Polymerisations bi products are NOT ... | Bio degradable. |
Created by:
Mitchglad
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