What is transcription promoter?

A specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA of a gene that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place.

What does RNA polymerase do?

An enzyme that links ribonucleotides into a growing RNA chain during transcription, based on complementary binding to nucleotides on a DNA template strand.

What happens during initiation?

Polymerase bins to the promoter, the DNA strands unwind, and the polymerase initiates RNA synthesis at the start point on the template strand.

What happens during elongation?

The polymerase moves downstream, unwinding the DNA and elongating the RNA transcript 5'->3'. In the wake of transcription, the DNA strands re-form a double helix.

What happens during termination?

Eventually, the RNA transcript is released and the polymerase detaches from the DNA.

An amino acid "methionine" that acts as "start" signal for ribosomes to begin translating the mRNA.

What is the role of GTP?

The energy used in building a polypeptide. Closely related to ATP.

What is the role of the small and large ribosome subunits?

Small: binds to a molecule of mRNA and contains an mRNA binding site. Large: completion of the translation initiation complex.

What are release factors?

A protein shaped like an aminoacyl tRNA. Binds directly to the stop codon in the A site. Causes the addition of a water molecule instead of an amino acid which breaks the bond and releases the polypeptide.

What is the differnce in amino acid sequence between normal and sickle cell hemoglobin?

A point mutation where there is an A instead of a T in the DNA, resulting in a Val instead of a Glu.

What is a missense mutation?

A nucleotide pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. Usually has little to no effect on the protein.

What is a silent mutation?

A nucleotide pair substitution that has no observable effect on the phenotype. A mutation that results i a codon that codes for the same amino acid.

What is a nonsense mutation?

A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.

What is a frameshift mutation?

A mutation occurring when nucleotides are inserted in or deleted from a gene and the number inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three, resulting in the improper grouping of the subsequent nucleotides into codons.

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Mastering Bio Ch. 17

Study cards for Dr. Day's Survey of Biology at Clayton State

Question	Answer
What is transcription promoter?	A specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA of a gene that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place.
What does RNA polymerase do?	An enzyme that links ribonucleotides into a growing RNA chain during transcription, based on complementary binding to nucleotides on a DNA template strand.
What happens during initiation?	Polymerase bins to the promoter, the DNA strands unwind, and the polymerase initiates RNA synthesis at the start point on the template strand.
What happens during elongation?	The polymerase moves downstream, unwinding the DNA and elongating the RNA transcript 5'->3'. In the wake of transcription, the DNA strands re-form a double helix.
What happens during termination?	Eventually, the RNA transcript is released and the polymerase detaches from the DNA.
What is Met?	An amino acid "methionine" that acts as "start" signal for ribosomes to begin translating the mRNA.
What is the role of GTP?	The energy used in building a polypeptide. Closely related to ATP.
What is the role of the small and large ribosome subunits?	Small: binds to a molecule of mRNA and contains an mRNA binding site. Large: completion of the translation initiation complex.
What are release factors?	A protein shaped like an aminoacyl tRNA. Binds directly to the stop codon in the A site. Causes the addition of a water molecule instead of an amino acid which breaks the bond and releases the polypeptide.
What is the differnce in amino acid sequence between normal and sickle cell hemoglobin?	A point mutation where there is an A instead of a T in the DNA, resulting in a Val instead of a Glu.
What is a missense mutation?	A nucleotide pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. Usually has little to no effect on the protein.
What is a silent mutation?	A nucleotide pair substitution that has no observable effect on the phenotype. A mutation that results i a codon that codes for the same amino acid.
What is a nonsense mutation?	A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.
What is a frameshift mutation?	A mutation occurring when nucleotides are inserted in or deleted from a gene and the number inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three, resulting in the improper grouping of the subsequent nucleotides into codons.

Created by: ghouliegrrrl

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