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Heat Transfer and Ai
Heat Transfer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Convection | The transfer of heat by the movement of FLUID. |
| Conduction | The transfer of heat from one substance to another by DIRECT CONTACT. |
| Radiation | The transfer of heat through ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES. |
| Example of convection | Warm air rising and cool air sinking in the atmosphere OR the warm wax rising and cool wax sinking in the lava lamp |
| Example of conduction | The warm coil in a lava lamp touching the wax causing it to melt OR the ground touching the air above it causing the air to heat up and rise |
| Example of radiation | Light bulb OR Sun |
| Temperature | The AVERAGE amount of energy of motion for each particle of a substance |
| Thermal Energy | The TOTAL amount of energy of motion in all of the particles of a substance |
| What has more thermal energy, a glass of 90 degree water or the ocean at 65 degrees? Why? | The ocean because it has more particles. Thermal is the TOTAL amount of energy. |
| The sun gives off heat in what form of heat transfer? | Radiation |
| The ground heating the air above is what form of heat transfer? | Conduction |
| warm air rising and cool air falling is known as a... | Convection current |
| Gasses and liquids are both fluids, so when heated they form | convection currents |
| What is the main way that heat is transferred in the atmosphere? | convection |
| When heat is transferred to a substance, the molecules of the substance gain energy and begin to ______________________. | Move faster, spread out more |
| When heat is transferred to a substance and the molecules begin to move faster they create _____________ space between them and the substance becomes _______________ dense. | more space, less dense |
| When air rises far from the surface of Earth, what happens? | The air cools, causing it to become more dense and it sinks back down to the surface of Earth. |
| What is another name for the solid Earth? | geosphere, lithosphere |
| What is another name for the air that surrounds our earth? | atmosphere |
| What is another name for the water on Earth? | hydrosphere |
| How is heat transferred from the geosphere or hydrosphere to the atmosphere? | conduction (the air above the ground is touching the ground, causing it to heat up) |
| Why does warm air rise? | The molecules are less compact (more spread out), making the air less dense than the surrounding air, so it rises up |
| Why does cool air sink? | The molecules condense when they lose heat energy, making the air more dense than the surrounding air, so it sinks down |
| How are winds named? | Winds are named for where they are coming from. For example, the Prevailing Westerlies are blowing from the west towards the east. |
| What direction are the Polar Easterlies blowing? | The Polar Easterlies are coming from the east towards the west. |
| Wind blows from areas of _____ pressure to _____ pressure. | high to low (cooler to warmer) |
| Where does the wind in a Sea Breeze come from? | the sea (area of higher pressure) |
| Where does the wind in a Land Breeze come from? | the land (area of higher pressure) |
| When does a Sea Breeze typically happen? Why? | Sea breezes occur during the hours of daylight because the geosphere heats up faster than the hydrosphere. |
| When does a Land Breeze typically happen? Why? | Land breezes occur after the sun goes down because the geosphere cools down faster than the hydrosphere. |
| Are you more likely to see clouds when there is high or low pressure? Why? | Low- the air is less dense, so it is constantly rising, allowing water vapor to rise and condense to form clouds |
| Why does the geosphere heat up faster than the hydrosphere? | The geosphere is a solid, so it is more dense allowing the heat to travel faster from particle to particle. It also has a lower specific heat (requires less energy to heat up than water). |
| During the day, air above the land heats up faster than air above water. What type of breeze does this cause? | sea breeze- air above water is cooler and more dense (high pressure) than the air above the land (low pressure), and wind travels from high to low pressure. |
| Mountainous areas experience local winds cause mountain and valley breezes. During the day, the mountain slopes heat up faster than the valleys. What type of breeze does this cause during the day? | valley breeze- The mountain tops are warmer, so this creates an area of low pressure. The valley air is cooler, so it is sinking and creating an area of high pressure. Wind travels from areas of high pressure to low pressure, so it is a valley breeze. |
| What is wind? | The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure (air moves from high to low pressure) |
| How does a lava lamp work? | 1. Light radiates heat. 2. Metal coil heats quickly, conducts heat to wax touching it. 3. Warm wax rises because it is less dense. 4. At top of lamp, wax cools, condenses, sinks to repeat the cycle again. |
| How is Earth's atmosphere heated? | 1. Sun radiates heat. 2. The geosphere and hydrosphere heat up and conduct thermal energy to the air directly above. The warm air rises, eventually cools and falls, then reheats again. This is called convection. |
| List the layers of the atmosphere in order from lowest to highest. | Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere (Ionosphere and Exosphere) |
| What layer of the atmosphere protects us from meteoroids? | mesosphere |
| Why is the troposphere important to life on Earth? | It is the warmest and densest layer, meaning we can get enough oxygen per breath to survive. It also has weather, which provides us with water. |
| Why is the stratosphere important to life on Earth? | It contains the ozone layer that absorbs Ultra Violet radiation from the sun, keeping most of it from reaching Earth. |
| What layer of the atmosphere contains charged particles that reflect radiowaves? | Ionosphere |
| What layer of the atmosphere contains the satellites orbiting Earth? | Exosphere |
| What layer of the atmosphere do the Northern Lights take place in? | Ionosphere |
| What gas makes up 78% of our atmosphere? | Nitrogen |
| What gas makes up 21% of our atmosphere? | Oxygen |
| Which heats up faster, water or land? | land |
| Which cools down faster, water of land | land |
| During a sea breeze, is the land warmer or cooler than the ocean? | warmer |
| During a sea breeze, what direction is the wind blowing? | From sea to land |
| When Felix Baumgartner jumped from the Stratosphere, why did he need a pressurized suit? | He was so high up in the atmosphere, there was very little air pressure. The pressure inside his body was much greater than the pressure of the surrounding air. |
| As altitude increases, air pressure ________________________. | decreases |
| When Felix Baumgartner jumped from the Stratosphere, why did he slow down when he reached the Troposphere? | The troposphere is much thicker, creating more friction as he fell, slowing him down. |
| When climbing a tall mountain, why do you get out of breath easier? | As altitude increases, the air particles are more spread out (thinner). This results in less oxygen per breath. |
| What is the principle scientists use to determine the boundaries for the layers of the atmosphere? | temperature trend changes (switches from increasing to decreasing or vice versa) |
Created by:
Mrs.Koch