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Chapter 12
CHEM 120 James Madison University
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If two substances mix, what is the solution considered? | Miscible |
| If two substances cannot mix, what is that considered? | Immiscible |
| What happens when an ionic compound is placed in water? | Dipoles of the water molecules attract the ions and pull them apart. |
| What do ionic compounds consist of? | Alternating + and - ions in a 3D crystal lattice |
| Ion-dipole forces | Interactions between ions and dipoles of a polar molecule (like H2O) |
| What kind of molecular compounds form ions when dissolved in water? | Strong acids |
| Do polar compounds dissolve in water? | Yes, because of the dipole dipole attractions with water. |
| Do nonpolar compounds dissolve in water? | They dissolve poorly (because like dissolves like) |
| Saturated | Maximum amount of solute dissolved in solution |
| Unsaturated | Less than maximum amount of solid is dissolved |
| Supersaturated | Unstable- more than maximum dissolved, can form precipitate |
| Dilute | Contains small amount of solute |
| Concentrated | Large amount of solute |
| Concentration | Amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent or solution |
| Solubility of solids/liquids (increases/decreases) with increasing temperature, and (increases/decreases) with increasing pressure? | Increases, unaffected |
| Solubility of gases (increases/decreases) with increasing temperature, and (increases/decreases) with increasing pressure? | Decreases, increases |
| Conductor | Allows electricity to move through it (like metals) |
| Insulator | Does not conduct electricity (wood, glass) |
| Electrolyte | A compound whose aqueous solution will conduct electricity (form ions) |
| What forms ions in water? | Ionic compounds and strong acids |
| Strong electrolyte- Conductivity? Action when dissolved? Example? | Good conductivity, splits into all ions, ex- strong acids |
| Weak electrolyte- Conductivity? Action when dissolved? Example? | Limited conductivity, splits into some ions, ex- weak acids and bases |
| Nonelectrolyte- Conductivity? Action when dissolved? Example? | No conductivity, does not split into ions, ex- molecular compounds (sugar, alcohol, glycerol) |
| Do weak acids dissolve in water? | Yes, completely |
| Colligative property | Property of a substance that depends on how much of a solute is added to it, not on what solute is added. |
| Vapor pressure | How quickly a liquid tends to evaporate |
| Adding a solute (increase/decreases) vapor pressure. | Increases |
| Adding a solute (increases/decreases) boiling point. | Increases |
| Adding a solute (increases/decreases) freezing point. | Decreases |
| Osmotic pressure | Water flows from solvent side to the solution side |
| Osmotic pressure (increases/decreases) with more solute in the solution? | Increases |
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