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9thGr-Eng-ShortStory
9th Grade English I - Short Story Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fiction | works that have imaginary elements in them. Although some is based on historical events, it primarily comes from the imagination of the writer. |
| Examples of Fiction | Realistic Fiction, Historical Fiction, Science Fiction |
| Other examples of fiction | Mystery, Fantasy, Horror |
| Setting | time and place a story takes place |
| Diction | the author's word choice; helps reveal voice. |
| Connotation | Attitudes and feelings connected to a word. |
| Denotation | Actual dictionary definition of a word. |
| Syntax | The way words are arranged to create meaning. Includes purposeful use of sentence structure, capitalization, and punctuation. |
| Voice | A writer's unique use of language that allows a reader to "hear" a human personality in his writing. It is created through diction, imagery, syntax, and tone. |
| Irony | Contrast between appearances and reality where reality is often the opposite of what it seems. |
| Situational Irony | When there is a contrast between what the reader or character expects and what actually happens. |
| Dramatic Irony | When the reader knows something that the characters do not. |
| Verbal Irony | When someone knowingly exaggerates or says one thing and means another. |
| Mood | Feeling or atmosphere that the reader feels. |
| Tone | The attitude the writer has toward the subject which is developed through specific diction. |
| Narrator | character or voice from whose point of view a story is told |
| Point of View | the method of narrating a short story |
| First-Person Point of View | the narrator is a character in the story |
| Third-Person Point of View | the narrator is an observer outside the action of the story |
| Third-Person Omniscient Point of View | an all-knowing narrator |
| Third-Person Limited Point of View | The narrator only knows what one character thinks and feels |
| Theme | the underlying message of the story. It takes the form of a statement. |
| Imagery | Language that appeals to one or more of the five senses. (Sight, smell, touch, taste, hearing) |
| Figurative Language | Language that is not literal in nature. Used to create a special effect in literature. |
| Simile | Comparison using the words "like" or "as". |
| Metaphor | Comparison implying that one thing is another. |
| Personification | Giving something non-human human characteristics. |
| Oxymoron | Combining two seemingly opposite words together to create special meaning. |
| Onomatopoeia | Words that imitate sounds |
| Idiom | A figure of speech in which the literal meaning is not related to the actual meaning. |
| Hyperbole | Extreme exaggeration. |
| Flashback | When a character thinks back to an event that happened earlier. |
| Foreshadowing | Use of hints or clues to indicate what might occur later in the plot. |
| Motif | A reoccurring symbol or idea giving unity to a piece of literature |
| Surprise Ending | Unexpected twist in the plot at the end of a story. |
| Suspense | Excitement or tension that readers feel as they become involved in a story. |
| Symbol | A person, place, thing, activity that can stand for something beyond itself. Light = good ; Dark = evil |
| Allusion | A reference in literature to some other literary work, art, famous person, place or event. |
| Character | Individuals who take part in the action of a literary work. |
| Protagonist | the main character of a story. Not necessarily the "good guy." |
| Antagonist | the character in conflict with the protagonist |
| Minor Characters | less developed supporting roles in a story |
| Dynamic Characters | Characters who change over the course of a story |
| Static Characters | Characters who remain the same throughout the course of a story |
| Round Characters | Well developed (filled-out) characters. |
| Flat Characters | Not fully developed characters. |
| Foil | Provides a striking contrast to another character. Characters with opposite traits. |
| Stereotype | a simplified or stock character |
| Characterization | A character's nature can be revealed through: 1) A description of their physical appearance, 2) Their speech, 3) Their body language, 4) Their thoughts or feelings, 5) Their actions, 6) How other characters relate to them through speech, thoug |
| Plot | The sequence of events in a story |
| Exposition (Introduction) | the early part of a story that sets the tone, established the setting, introduces the characters, and gives the reader important background information. |
| Conflict (Problem) | struggle between opposing forces |
| External Conflicts | The character is opposed by some outside force. Character v. Character, Character v. Nature, Character v. Society |
| Internal Conflicts | the conflict takes place within the mind of the character. Character v. Himself |
| Rising Action | The events in a story that move the plot along by adding complications or expanding the conflict. |
| Climax (Turning Point) | the moment when the reader's emotions reach their highest point. This usually occurs toward the end of the story. |
| Falling Action | Reveals the outcome of the story's climax. Resolves the conflict. |
| Resolution (Denouement) | Reveals the final outcome and ties up any loose ends. |
Created by:
TeresaGill@email.com
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