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Chemistry
Key words!
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Isotopes | Are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. |
| Atomic Number | Is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Mass Number | Is the number of particles in the nucleus. |
| Ion | Is a positively or negatively charged atom, or (covalently bonded) group of atoms )a molecular ion). |
| Relative isotopic mass | Is the mass of an atom of an isotope compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12. |
| Relative atomic mass | Ar, is the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12. |
| Relative molecular mass | Mr, is the weighted mean mass of a molecule compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12. |
| Relative formula mass | is the weighted mean mass of a formula unit compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 |
| Amount of substance | is the quantity whose unit is the mole. Chemists use 'amount of substance' as a means of counting atoms. |
| Avogadro constant | NA, is the number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotope (6.02x10^23) |
| Mole | A mole is the amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotope. |
| Molar mass | M, is the mass per mole of a substance. The units of molar mass are g mol^-1. |
| Empirical formula | Is the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound. |
| Molecule | A molecule is a small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
| Molecular formula | Is the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. |
| Molar volume | Is the volume per mole of a gas. The units of molar volume are dm^3 mol^-1. |
| What is the molar volume at room temperature and pressure? | 24.0dm^3mol^-1 |
| Concentration | The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute, in mol, dissolved per 1dm^3 of solution. |
| Standard solution | A standard solution is a solution of known concentration. |
| When are standard solutions normally used? and why? | In a titration, to determine unknown information about another substance. |
| Species | A species is any type of particle that takes part in a chemical reaction. |
| Stoichiometry | Is the molar relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction. |
| Acid | An acid is a species that is a proton donor. |
| Base | A base is a species that is a proton acceptor. |
| Alkali | An alkali is a type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions. |
| Salt | A salt is a chemical compound formed from an acid when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion, such as the ammonuim ion, NH4+ |
| Cation | Is a positively charged ion |
| Anion | Is a negatively charged ion. |
| Water of crystallisation | Refers to water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound. |
| Oxidation number | Is a measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element. Oxidation numbers are derived from a set of rules. |
| Oxidation | Is loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation number. |
| Reduction | Is gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation number. |
| Redox reaction | Is a reaction in which both reduction and oxidation take place. |
| Reducing agent | Is a reagent that reduces (adds electron to) another species |
| Oxidising agent | Is a reagent that oxidises (takes electrons from) another species. |
Created by:
phoebehafiz96
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