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Science Chapter 3

Genetics

QuestionAnswer
What theory states that genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Genetic code is determined by... the order of nitrogen bases along a gene
A Punnett square shows... all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
Homozygous An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
What did Gregor Mendel do to study different characteristics in his genetics experiments? He cross-pollinated plants
Which nitrogen base in RNA is NOT part of DNA? Uracil
A mutation is harmful to an organism if it... ...reduces the organism's chances for survival and reproduction
Protein synthesis takes place... ...on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell
If a hymozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur? 100%
Alleles Different forms of a gene
Phenotype An organism's PHysical appearance
What does the notation TT mean to geneticists? Two dominant alleles
Mutation Any change in a gene or chromosome
What happens during meiosis? Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into new sex cells
Probability A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
Walter Sutto discovered thata the sex cells of grasshoppers have... ...half the number of chromosomes found in the body cells
Hybrid An organism that has two DIFFERENT alleles for a trait
What do transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis? Carry amino acids and add them to the growing protein
The order of the bases along a gene determines the order in which... ...amino acids are put together to form a protein
What is the probablilty of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid plants? three in four (75%)
Traits The term that refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics
An organism's GENotype is its... ...GENetic makeup
What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists? One dominant allele and one recessive allele
What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis? Copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm
IN Mendel's experiments, what proportion of the plants in the F2 generation had a trait that had been absent in the F1 generation? One fourth
A purebred chicken with white feathers is crossed with a purebred chicken that has black feathers. Each of their offspring has both black and white feathers. Why does this happen? The alleles for feather color are neither dominant nor recessive
A heterozygous organism has... ...two different alleles for a trait
When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute... ...half the number of chromosomes in body cells
Chromosomes are made up of... ...many genes joined together
Genes Factors that control traits
A hybrid is the offspring of parents that have different alleles for a trait - true or false? True
Chromosomes carry genes from parents to offspring - true or false? True
Transfer RNA carried coded messages from the nucleus to the cytoplasm - true or false? False
When Mendel crossed purebred short plants with purebred tall plants, all of the offspring were short - true or false? False
An organism's phenotype is its allele combination - true or false? False
A pea plant that is heterozygous for tall stems has the alleles Tt - true or false? True
A mutation in a sex cell can be passed to offspring - true or false? True
The number of DNA bases along a gene specifies the type of protein that will be produced - true or false? False
A Punnett square shows all the possible combinations of alleles resulting from a cross - true or false? True
The sex cells produced by meiosis have twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cells - true or false? False
What kind of organism is the offspring of many generations of organisms that have the same trait - purebred or alleles? Purebred
If all of the sex cells of an organism have the T allele, the genotype of that organism must be TT or Tt? TT
An organism that has two dominant or two recessive alleles is said to be _________for that trait - meiosis or homozygous? Homozygous
Alleles that are neither dominant nor recessive produce an inheritance pattern known as codominance or mutation? Codominance
Genes are carried from parents to their offspring on structures called amino acids or chromosomes? Chromosomes
A chart used to predict results of genetic crosses is known as a Punnett Square or alleles? Punnett Square
What does a set of three bases code in a protein code for - amino acid or probability? Amino acid
If D represents the dominant allele of a gene, what represents the recessive allele? d
If each of ten events is equally likely to occur, what is the probability each individual event occurring? 10%
in pea plants, the tall-stem allele and the short-stem allele are different forms of the same ____________ gene
A section of DNA has the base sequence TGAG. The corresponding section of a messenger RNA molecule will have what base sequence? ACUC
What is the process in which a parent cell divided twice to produce sex cells called? Meiosis
In a cross between two hybrid Tt pea plants, what percent of the offspring will be Tt? 50%
The genetic code is found in the order of nitrogen _________ along a gene. bases
An organism can be heterozygous for some traits and ____________ for others. Homozygous
Chromosomes in a pair may each have different _____ for each gene. alleles
What type of RNA adds amino acids to a growing protein? Transfer RNA
What did Mendel use to predict what percent of offspring would show a particular trait? The Principles of Probability
What is the substitution of one base for another during DNA replication called? Mutation
What kind of allele needs to be present for its trait to appear in the organism - dominant or recessive? Dominant
Created by: 7thgrade
 

 



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