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chem #1
electrons
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Explains how electrons exist in atoms and how those electrons affect the chemical and physical properties of elements. | Bohr model and quantum-mechanical model |
| A type f energy that travels through space at a constant speed of 3.0x10^8 m/s (186,000 mi/s) | electromagnetic radiation |
| What determines the color of light | wavelength |
| The number of cycles or crests that pass through a stationary point in one second. | frequency |
| Produced by the sun, by stars and by certain unstable atomic nuclei on Earth. | gamma rays |
| A released photon of light containing the precise amount of energy that corresponds to the energy difference between the two orbits. | quantum |
| represents the probability maps that show a statistical distribution of where the electron is likely to be found. | orbitals |
| Represented by letters s, p, d, and f, and specifies its shape. | subshell |
| Lowest energy state | ground state |
| High energy state of an atom | excited state |
| Electrons in the outermost principal shell | valence electrons |
| The energy required to remove an electron from the atom in the gaseous state. | ionization energy |
| models that predict how atoms bond together to form molecules | bonding theories |
| the sharing or transfer of electrons to attain stable electron configurations for bonding atoms. | Chemical bond |
| the transferring of electrons | ionic bond |
| only shared electrons | covalent bond |
| used to predict the shapes of molecules | VSEPR theory |
| the geometrical arrangement of the atoms | molecular geometry |
| the geometrical arrangement of the electron groups | electron geometry |
| the result of an uneven electron sharing, a separation of charge within a bond | dipole moment |
| covalent bonds that have a dipole moment | polar covalent bonds |
| electrons shared equally | nonpolar- pure covalent bond |
| electrons shared unequally | polar covalent |
| a simple model for understanding the behavior of gases | kinetic molecular theory |
| the result of the constant collision s between the atoms or molecules in a gas and the surfaces around them | pressure |
| pressure and volume P1V1=P2V2 | Boyle's law |
| volume and temperature V1/T1=V2/T2 | Charle's law |
| volume and moles V1/n1=V2/n2 | Avogadro's law |
| the interaction between the molecules in coffee that taste bitter and the taste receptors on the tongue: attractive forces that exist between molecules | intermolecular forces |
| the tendency of liquids to minimize their surface area | surface tension |
| liquids that evaporate easily | volatile |
| at the point where the rates of condensation and evaporation become equal | dynamic equilibrium |
| the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure above it | boiling point |
| the default intermolecular force, present in all molecules and atoms | dispersion force |
| a type of intermolecular force resulting from transient shifts in electron density within an atom or molecule | instantaneous dipole |
| a separation of charge resulting form the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms | permanent dipole |
| its ability to mix without separating into two phases | miscibility |
| solids whose composite units are molecules | molecular solids |
| solids whose composite units are individual atoms | Atomic solids |
| an atomic solid, sucas iron, which is held together by metallic bonds that, in the simplest model, consist of positively charged ions in a sea of electrons | metallic atomic solid |
| an atomic solid such as diamond, that is held together by covalent bonds | covalent atomic solid |
| is a physical change in which a substance changes from its slid state directly to its gaseous state | sublimation |
Created by:
mistyharrison17