Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chemistry
Definitions of Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mole Ratios | Based on balanced chemical equations. |
| Stoichiometry | The process of using a chemical equation to calculate the relative masses of the reactants and products involved in a reacion. |
| Limiting reacant(limiting reagant) | The reacant that runs out first and thus limits the amounts of products that can form |
| Theoretical yield | The maximum amount of a given product that can be formed when the limiting reacant is completely consumed |
| Percent yield | The actual yield of a product as the percentage of the theoretical yield |
| Electromagnetic radiation | Radiant energy that exhibits wavelike behavior and travels through space at the speed of light in a vaccum |
| Wavelenght | The distance bewteen two consecutive peaks or troughs in a wave |
| Frequency | The number of waves (cycles) per second that pass a given point in space |
| Photon | A particle of electromagnetic radiation |
| Wave Mechanical Model | General picture of the model |
| Orbital | The three-dimensional region in which there is a high probability of finding an electron in an atom |
| Principal Energy Levels | we call the levels |
| Sublevels | subdivided levels |
| Pauli exclusion principle | an atomic orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons and those two electrons must have oppposite spins |
| Electron Configuration | The arrangement of electrons in an atom |
| Orbital Diagram/Box Diagram | Orbitals are represented by boxes grouped by sublevel with small arrows indicating the electrons |
| Valance Electrons | The electron in the outermost principal energy level of the atom |
| Core Electron | An inner electron: an electron not in the outermost principal energy level of the atom |
| Lanthanide series | group of 14 elements |
| Actinide series | group of 14 elements |
| Main-group elements/Representative | Group 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 |
| Metals | Luctrous apperance,ability to change shape with breaking, good with heat and electricity |
| Nonmetals | do not have physical properties although there aer some expections |
| Metalloids | they exhibit both metal and nonmetals |
| Atomic size | explains the decrease and some thought |
| Ionization energy | the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion |
| Bond | the force that holds two or more atoms together and makes them funcation as a unit |
| Bond energy | the energy required to break a given chemical bond |
| Ionic bonding | the attraction bewteen oppositely charged ions |
| Ionic compound | a compound that results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form cations and anions |
| Convalent bonding | a type of bonding in which atoms share electrons |
| Polar convalent bond | a covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally because one atom attracts the shared electrons more than the other atom |
| Electronegativity | the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself |
| Dipole moment | a property of molecule in which the charge distribution can be represented by a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge |
| Lewis structure | a representation of a molecule or polyatomic ion showing how valance electrons are arranged among the atoms in the molecule or ion |
| Duet rule | where it shares two electrons |
| Bonding pair | a pair of electrons that are shared between two atoms forming a covalent or polar-covalent bond |
| Lone pair | electron pairs in a lewis stucture that are not involved in bonding |
| Single bond | a covalent or polar covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared by two atoms |
| Double bond | a covalent or polar covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms |
| Triple bond | a convalent or polar covalent bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms |
| Resonance | a condition occurring when more than one valid lewis stucture can be written for particular molecule |
| Molecular structure(geometric structure) | the three dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule |
| Valance shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model | a model used to predict molecular geometry. based on the idea that pairs of electrons surrounding an atom repel each other and that the atoms in a molecule are positioned to minimize this repulsion |
| Solution | a homogenous mixture |
| Solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution |
| Solute | the substance dissolved in the solvent to make a solution |
| Aqueous solution | a solution with water as a solvent |
| Saturated | describes a solution that contains as much solute as will dissolve at that temperature |
| Unsaturated | describes a solution in which more solute can dissolve than is dissolved already at the temperature |
| Supersaturated | describes a solution that contains more solute thean a saturated solution will hold at that temperature |
| Concentrated | describes a solution in which a relatively large amount of solute is dissolved in a solution |
| Dilute | describes a solution in which a relatively small amount of solute is dissolved in a solution |
| Mass percent | mass of solute present in a given mass of solution |
| Molarity | describes the amount of solute in moles and the volume of the solution in liters |
| Standard solution | a solution in which the concentration is accurately known |
| Dilution | the process of adding solvent to a solution to lower the concentration of soulte |
| Neutralization reaction | an acid base reaction |
| Equivalent of an acid | the amount of acid that can furnish one mole of hydrogen ions |
| Equivalent of a base | the amount of base that can furnish one mole of hydroxide ions |
| Equivalent weight | the mass in grams of one equivalent of an acid or a base |
| Colligative property | a property that is dependent only on the number of solute particles present in solution |
| Acid | a substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution a proton donor |
| Base | a substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution a substance that accepts a proton |
| Arrhenius concept of acids and bases | acids produce hydrogen ions in solution bases produce hydroxide ions in solutions |
| Conjugate acid | the substance formed when a proton is added to a base |
| Bronsted-lory model | acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor |
| Conjugate base | the remaining substance when a proton is lost from a acid |
| Conjugate acid-base pair | two substances related to each other by the donating and accepting of a singe proton |
| Hydronium ion | H3O+ |
| Strong acid | an acid that completely dissociates to produce H+ ions in solution |
| Weak acid | an acid that dissociates to a slight extent in aqueous solution |
| Diprotic acid | an acid that can furnish two protons |
| Oxyacid | an acid in which the acidic proton is attached to an oxygen atom |
| Organic acid | an acid with a carbon atom backbone and a carboxyl group |
| Carboxyl group | carbon-atom backbone |
| Amphoteric substance | a substance that can behave either as a acid or a base |
| Ionization of water | transfer of one molecule to another to produce a hydroxide ion and a hydronium ion |
| Ion-product constant | for water |
| pH scale | provides a compact to represent solution acidity |
| Indicator(acid base) | a chemical that changes color depending on the pH of a solution |
| Indicator paper | a strip of paper coated with a combination of acid-base indicators |
| pH meter | a device used to measure the pH of a solution |
| Neutralization reaction | an acid-base reaction |
| Titration | a technique in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution |
| Standard solution | a solution in which the concentration is accurately known |
| Buret | a device used for a accurate measurement of the delivery of a given volume of a liquid or solution |
| Equivalance point(stoichiometric point) | the point in a titation when enough titrant has been added to react exactly with the substance in solution that is being titrated |
| Titration curve(pH curve) | a plot of pH of solution versus volume of titrant added to a given solution |
| Buffered solution | a solution that resists a change in pH when either an acid or a base are added |
| Collision model | molecules must collide in order to react used to account for the fact that reactions rate depends on concentraions of reactants and temperature |
| Activation energy | the minimum energy required in order to cause a chemical reaction |
| Catalyst | a substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed |
| Enzyme | a large molecule, usually a protein, which catalyzes a biological reactions |
| Homogenous reactions | reaction involving reactants and products in the same state |
| Heterogenous reactions | reactions involving reactants and products in different states |
| Equilibrium | the exact balance of two processes, one of which is opposite of the other |
| Chemical Equilibrium | a dynamic state where the concentraions of the reactants and the products remain constant over time, as long as the conditions are not changed |
| Law of chemical equilibruim | it is a general description of the equilibruim conditions |
| Equilibrium expression | it is the way that you write it out |
| Equilibrium constant | it is where it stays in the place |
| Equilibrium position | a particular set of equilibrium concentrations of all reactants and products in a chemical sysytem |
| Homogenous equilibrium | an equilibrium system in which all reactants and products are in the same state |
| Heterogeneous equilibrium | an equilibrium system in which all reactants and products are in different states |
| Le Chatelier's principle | if a change is imposed on a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium position will shift to reduce the effect of that change |
| Solubility product constant | the constant for the equilibrium expression representing the dissolving of an ionic solid in water |
Created by:
14larkat
Popular Chemistry sets