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Stack #1390473
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If you polled a random group of women and men about national issues, you would most likely find that the women are more concerned about ________ than are men | making health care available to everyone |
| The president’s ________ fields questions, ranging from policies to activities, from reporters during daily briefings. | press secretary |
| Young adults who live in the United States are likely to learn about politics mostly from ________. | the media |
| America’s major newspapers rely on ________ to remain profitable. | mass circulation and commercial advertising |
| Which of the following questions can be answered using a standard survey of nationwide public opinion? | Did the presidents speech increase support for the health care bill? |
| American public opinion on foreign policy is usually volatile and dependent on breaking information because ________. | foreign policy does not affect most Americans personality |
| Media coverage of the House and Senate tends to be ________ compared to coverage of the president. | disproportionately negative |
| People for whom the issue of abortion is of paramount importance ________. | have intense views on the matter |
| If the public ________ a particular political issue, then it is difficult to accurately gauge the public's attitude. | lack information on |
| In a survey, random sampling gives each potential voter ________. | the same change of being selcted for the survey |
| If your classmates are like most people, which of the following groups or institutions had the most influence on their political beliefs? | family |
| Which of the following would be an example of narrowcasting rather than infotainment? | a religious television network |
| A journalist is able to print any discussion from a formal press conference because the official speaking is ________. | on the record |
| The trend in mass media journalism in recent years has been for the average citizen ______. | to take a more active role in reporting political news |
| Many high schools require students to take a service-learning program to graduate. This type of program tends to increase political involvement later in life because it ________. | get students active in learning the issues and being involver in their community |
| What was the First Amendment’s guarantee of freedom of the press originally designed to protect? | the press from foverment attempts to silence critism |
| If you were reading an article in Time Magazine about public opinion on the president’s proposal to increase the estate tax, you should keep in mind that ________. | changes in question wording can make a big diffrens in the survey results |
| Which of the following characteristics would be of exceptional importance when studying the intensity of certain issues such as immigration? | race |
| If your college administration wants to know more about students’ opinions of the cafeteria food, they may do a survey of ________. | a random portion of students who eat in the cafeteria |
| Framing is the process by which ___________. | new organizaions define political issues and this affect public opiinion |
| What type of work would you do if you landed a job with the Gallup Organization? | opinion research |
| Reliable opinion polls select people for interviews based on _________. | US Census data |
| The government entity that regulates mass media is ________. | the federal communicaions commision |
| If potential candidates for office would like to know what percentage of the electorate knows about them, they might use a(n) ________. | name recognition survey |
| The process of choosing a small group of people to interview in a survey is called ________. | sampling |
| The equal time rule required that the media ________. | sell advertising time to all candidates if they sell it to any |
| Internet polls can be reliable predictors of voting if they ________. | use standard sampling techniques and good question formation |
| One exception to ________ allows a station to exclude a minor-party candidate from a political debate. | the equal time rule |
| One thing that makes the Internet different from television is that it presents ________. | more unfiltered content |
| Accurate polls help guide policy makers as they express the attitudes of the ________. | electorate |
| One result of the proliferation of cable television and Internet news sources is ________. | specialized programs appealing to a narrow audience |
| In what way might exit polls be inaccurate? | polisters stop asking voters for their response to early in the day |
| Newspapers employ talented journalists to report the news, yet they are losing ground to the Internet because _________. | online news is more current |
| In the United States, what is the most important factor in the socialization of children? | family |
| Which of the following are the first and last phases, respectively, in developing and implementing public opinion polls? | determining the content, analyzing the data |
| What is one way that public officials can try to use the media to make policy decisions? | monitor social media sites to gauge public opinion |
| Polls conducted by media outlets that ask people how they voted as they leave their voting places are known as ________. | exit polls |
| ________ polls are polls of voters conducted on Election Day to try to predict outcomes before the votes are counted. | exit |
| Public-opinion polls demonstrate that Americans are most likely to have opinions on policies that ________. | benefit them personally |
| The biggest influence on the political views of high school students comes from ________. | their peers |
| A(n) ________ poll will ask the public questions regarding political candidate strengths and weaknesses. | good |
| The term population refers to ________. | the entire group of people whose attitude a researcher wishes to measure |
| The method of the American National Election Studies in conducting similar polls both before and after elections enables ________. | lomg term studies on how and why people vote |
| Americans have increasingly turned away from ________ as their main source of political news. | network news broadcasts |
| The most useful survey questions provide ________ so respondents can adequately register their opinions. | an appropraite range of answer options |
| The lack of informed public opinion on policy issues ________. | makes it harder to complete meningful polls on the issues |
| When we look at colleges and universities as a source of political socialization, we find that students become, on average, more ________ as they near graduation. | liberal |
| Political knowledge and political participation have a reciprocal effect on each other because ________. | the two elements reinforce each other |
| When the difference between two positions (for example, 52 percent “Yes” and 48 percent “No”) falls within a poll’s margin of error (that is, plus or minus 5 percent), ________. | an opinion is too close to call |
| Polls often underrepresent the opinions of ________ because they have less access to polling methods like telephones and the Internet. | poor people ad homeless people |
| You construct a survey in which Question 8 asks respondents how they feel about “the inhumane practice of capital punishment.” This is ________. | televisio cameras are not permitted at supreme court proceeding |
| Which of the following is true about Supreme Court coverage? | televisio cameras are not permitted at supreme court proceeding |
| People who self-identify their religion as strict Roman Catholic are more likely to ________. | approce aid to parachial schools |
| Which of the following questions has the most neutral phrasing? | c.“Do you favor government efforts to reduce smoking?” |
| Race, gender, religion, and age are all examples of ________. | demographics |
| In recent elections, candidates have experimented with more social media tools in order to ________. | skirt the news media ad make a more personal connection with voters |
| Which of the following is not likely to influence a respondent’s answer about proposed abortion legislation? | citizenship |
| A potential disadvantage of narrowcasting, or targeting a specific audience, is that it can result in ________. | further fragmentation of society into smaller groups |
| The process through which individuals acquire their beliefs is generally referred to as ________. | political socialization |
| Our earliest views of political matters usually come from our parents, as part of which process? | political socialization |
| Potential candidates for public office might use a ________ to learn how well known they are by the public. | name recognition survey |
| The ________ makes the outcome of close elections especially difficult to predict for pollsters. | margin of error |
| The increasing use of social media has led to a democratization of the news, in which anyone can share information on nearby events, sometimes referred to as “citizen journalism.” Which of these is the best example of citizen journalism? | students tweeting updates on protests in lybia |
| If your classmate promises to get you a work-study job if you help her win the student council election, this is an example of ________. | using a political favor to win loyalty |
| A political candidate who campaigns almost entirely on environmentalism is most likely a member of which of the following parties? | green party |
| Which of the following activities is legal under current federal campaign finance laws? | A 501(c) group holds a fundraiser for a candidate.1 |
| Which of the following is an example of an illegal protest activity? | A radical group sets fire to a building to protest government policies. |
| The Supreme Court is considering an appeal in a lawsuit that involves an issue of great importance to your interest group, but your group is not directly involved in the case. What would be the best way for your group to influence the court's decision? | Submit an amicus curiae brief on the case to the Supreme Court. |
| What is one function of the party label? | It ensures the loyalty of voters.1 |
| Political parties are useful in encouraging ________. | the recruitment of candidates for political office |
| What kinds of interest groups are most likely to use public events and protests in order to draw attention to their campaigns? | Labor unions and environmental groups |
| Many former government officials now have positions as lobbyists. Why might it be necessary to regulate this movement? | To prevent government officials from supporting companies who promise them high-paying jobs once they are no longer in office |
| Why do many believe that competition among interest groups benefits our political climate? | Competition causes groups to join together to dominate specific issues.1 |
| Political alliances did not become longstanding groups like modern political parties until after the presidency of ________. | George Washington |
| The Libertarian Party is an example of a party that bases its appeal to voters on ________. | ideology |
| Which of the following would be a campus club dedicated to helping with voter mobilization? | College Democrats of America |
| A majority of voters who do not identify with any political party have a ________ ideology. | moderate |
| Why might U.S. citizens choose to join interest groups rather than just exercise their right to vote? | Interest groups offer a way for underrepresented people to have their voices heard by government. |
| Social services were taken over by the government which affected ________. | the strength of political parties |
| People with similar beliefs seeking control of the government through elections is known as a(n) ________. | political party |
| Interest groups sometimes lobby lawmakers and other government officials one-on-one, which is called inside lobbying. ________ occurs when interest groups campaign with the public to encourage political activity. | Grassroots lobbying |
| In what year was the Green party founded? | 2000 |
| Which of the following describes disturbance theory? | Groups form as a result of changes in the political system. |
| The Democratic Party dominates in the ________. | Northeast1 |
| Which major American political party gave way to the Republican Party? | Whig Party |
| By the 1790s, which party opposed the Federalists? | Democratic-Republicans |
| In 1995, Congress passed the ________, which required lobbyists to register with Congress and provided more transparency into their activities. | Lobbying Disclosure Act |
| A free rider is someone who ________. | receives benefits without being a member of a group |
| Party identification refers to ________. | citizens’ self-proclaimed preference for one party |
| The ________ Party, which democratized and nationalized the U.S. party system, was formed around the popularity of Andrew Jackson. | Democratic |
| What does transactions theory argue? | Public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges among political actors. |
| The New Deal era focused the Democratic Party on issues that benefited ________. | the working class |
| Which 1995 act defined the role of lobbyists? | lobbying disclosure acct |
| A political party’s statement of its position on the issues is its ________. | platform |
| The ________ supported the strong central government identified in the Constitution. | federalist party |
| Political parties were stable and dominated state and local governments ________. | golden age |
| The smallest unit of party organization is the ________. | orecint |
| Some state legislatures have considered passing a right-to-work law, which prohibits workers from being required to join a union in order to get a job. Which type of interest group is most likely to lobby against this law? | labor unions |
| How many major political parties have there been in American history? | 5 |
| By the 1824 election, which major party had dissolved? | Federalists |
| The growing numbers of groups that are organized around ________ can explain the increasing number of interest groups. | a cause, interest, or belief |
| Which of the following most accurately describes party organization in the United States? | A pyramid where the local party represents the base and the national party is the pinnacle |
| Within political party organizations, voters are the ________. | base |
| Those who drive American-made pickup trucks are most likely to identify as ________. | Republicans |
| Which of the following is a primary function of political parties? | Mobilizing support for issues and candidates |
| According to the Constitution at the time, Thomas Jefferson became John Adams' vice president because ________. | Jefferson lost to Adams in the presidential election |
| A majority of independents identify themselves as ________. | moderate |
| Since the Revolutionary War, illegal protests have been one tactic of organized interests. What early American protest was illegal but did not result in anyone being physically injured? | Boston Tea Party |
| Who implemented congressional-style lobbying regulations in the executive branch? | Barack Obama |
| A political party comprises people ________. | with similar beliefs seeking control of the government through elections |
| Political parties are useful in encouraging ________. | the recruitment of candidates for political office |
| The National Rifle Association (NRA) works to advance the protection of gun ownership by all citizens. In recent years, the NRA ________. | saw a rise in membership |
| What is the primary function of national party organizations in the United States? | Establish a cohesive vision for partisan identifiers nationwide. |
| Which of the following is an example of microtargeting? | Contacting voters based on their personal habits and past voting behavior |
| Nominating candidates to run under the party label is the key differentiating factor between ________ and ________. | political parties; interest groups |
| National ________ meet every four years to nominate a candidate for president. | party conventions |
| What source would you look at to find the official policy positions of a political party? | The national party platform |
| Which of the following is another term for a party’s core supporters? | the base |
| Collective goods are those that cannot be withheld from anyone. Which of the following is an example? | Clean air |
| Which major American political party did the Whig Party give way to? | Republican Party |
| The party in the electorate refers to ________. | the voters who identify themselves with a political party |
| What is a 527 organization? | An organization that can raise money for issue advocacy without funding limits |
| When did the railroad industry become a powerful interest group? | In the mid to late 1800s |
| Get-out-the-vote efforts depend on the campaign’s ________. | volunteers |
| In the 2000 presidential election, George W. Bush lost the popular vote to Al Gore but won the presidency because he won a majority in ________. | the electoral college |
| A campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys is a(n) ________. | pollster |
| Candidates test their strategies, themes, etc., during ________. | the nomination campaign |
| How can education affect a person’s voting habits? | People who are more educated tend to know the issues and vote more often. |
| Low voter turnout can be partially attributed to ________. | complex voter registration requirements |
| Which of the following best explains why minorities tend to have lower voter turnout rates than whites? | Minorities tend to be poorer and have less formal education. |
| Wealthy people are more likely to vote because _________. | |
| The catalyst for action on campaign finance regulation was ________. | Watergate |
| The first face-to-face debate was televised in ________. | 1960 |
| In midterm elections, voters ________. | elect senators and representatives, but not a president |
| An increasingly significant role in the communication staff is(are) the ________. | Internet team |
| ________ is(are) a type of built-in advertising for candidates. | Debates |
| ________ can help voters choose a candidate in elections where they may not know much about any of the candidates running. | Party identification |
| Voting based on which candidate makes the best promises for the future is an example of ________. | prospective judgment |
| A third-party candidate can receive a portion of public funding if they ________. | receive a minimum of 5 percent of the votes in previous national election |
| How does public financing work in the general election? | Presidential candidates receive $85 million in public financing if they agree not to spend any additional money. |
| What is one result of candidates visiting numerous localities throughout their campaign? | Increased media coverage |
| What is one strategy employed by campaigns to control media coverage? | |
| As of 2012, the limit an individual can contribute to a state or local party committee is ________. | 10,000 |
| One organization that opposed the enactment of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) was the ________. | National Rifle Association |
| Often, citizens can log onto a candidate’s website and engage in a nearly contemporaneous exchange of ideas with other supporters and with the candidate’s Internet team. This is a component of ________. | new media |
| Staff support, visibility, and ________ are the primary causes for the incumbency advantage in elections. | the “scare-off” effect |
| ________ can be pivotal in determining the outcome of an election. | debates |
| Citizens can designate $3 of their income taxes each year to be the source of revenue for ________. | the Presidential Election Campaign Fund |
| Political action committees (PACs) are ________. | committees organized by interest groups to channel money to parties and candidates |
| What is the annual limit on independent expenditures by parties and interest groups? | There is no limit. |
| Presidential candidates’ efforts to meet as many voters as possible are ________. | mostly symbolic since the candidates can meet only a very small fraction of the electorate |
| With regard to presidential debates, candidates have no control over ________. | what the media will focus on after the debate |
| Which of the following is true about political action committees (PACs)? | They must report their contributions to the Federal Election Commission. |
| A(n) ________ is advertising used to counteract an anticipated attack from opponents. | inoculation ad |
| To improve electability, the candidate will hire a ________ who brings technologies, strategies, and services to the campaign. | campaign manager |
| In a nomination campaign, candidates are ________. | running against others from the same party |
| Broad campaign finance regulation wasn’t enacted until after ________. | the Watergate scandal |
| The communications director is responsible for ________. | the candidate’s overall media strategy |
| A professional who produces a candidate’s television, radio, and print advertisements is called a(n) ________. | media consultant |
| During the nomination campaign, party leaders are primarily concerned with ________, while party activists are concerned with ________. | electability; ideology |
| Voters whose positions are middle-of-the-road are politically termed ________. | moderates |
| Which of the following factors best explains the low level of voter turnout in the United States? | Cumbersome registration laws reduce voter turnout. |
| A majority of political action committee donations go to ________. | congressional candidates |
| The 1993 Motor Voter Act attempted to ease the bureaucratic hurdles associated with registering to vote by________. | providing eligible citizens the opportunity to register to vote through motor vehicle and social services agencies |
| In a winner-take-all primary the candidate who gets the most votes in a state secures all of that state’s _______. | delegates |
| When it gets closer to Election Day, ________ get out the vote by contacting supporters. | campaign volunteers |
| Which of the following campaigns may be eligible for public funds? | Presidential campaigns |
| The rapid growth in the number of political action committees (PACs) began ________. | following the campaign reforms of the 1970s |
| The most powerful predictor for candidate preference among voters is ________. | political party identification |
| What is the contribution limit to a candidate per election under BCRA? | 5000 |
| What is the benefit of a political action committee (PAC) receiving funds from a 501(c) committee, a nonprofit education and organizing group? | |
| Which of the following methods does a contemporary campaign use to disseminate information quickly? | Instantaneous online publishing |
| The 2012 Republican and Democratic presidential nominees were nominated at their respective ________. | state legislature meetings |
| Candidates have the option of receiving ________ but they must agree to certain spending restrictions when they do. | public funds |
| What is the goal of the candidate during the nomination campaign? | To win the primary |
| In Buckley v. Valeo, the Supreme Court ruled that there will be no spending limits placed on money from ________. | a candidate’s personal resources |
| Most voter canvassing takes place ________. | |
| Which of the following is one way a candidate could lose ground in appealing to the voters during the nomination campaign? | By appearing too extreme in ideology |
| Which of the following is a factor driving the length of a general election campaign? | The timing of state primaries |
| Which of the following is a legal way to spend money on campaigns? | A Super PAC directly contributing $5,000 to an individual campaign. |
| Why would candidates refuse public funding? | Such funding comes with restrictions on how it can be spent and when. |
| What was the result of the passage of the Twenty-Sixth Amendment in 1971? | Citizens ages 18 to 20 were granted the right to vote. |
| How often do you get to vote on who will represent you in the House of Representatives? | 4 years |
| Voting based on an incumbent’s previous performance would be considered ________. | retrospective judgment |
| How are public funds financed? | From general tax revenues |
| In 2010, Super PACs were rising due to ________. | the Supreme Court striking some provisions of BCRA |
| Super political action committees are ________. | chiefly composed of superdelegates |
| ________ media is comprised of newspapers, magazines, television and radio. | NEW |
| Wealthy people are more likely to vote because _________. | they think the system works for them and their votes make a difference |
| What is one strategy employed by campaigns to control media coverage? | Stage media events |
| The tendency of states to choose an early date for primaries or caucuses is called ________. | front loading |
| ________ are specially formed to make independent expenditures. | Super political action committees |
| Political action committees (PACs) are ________. | committees organized by interest groups to channel money to parties and candidates |
| What is the annual limit on independent expenditures by parties and interest groups? | $26,700 |
| In the 2008 presidential election, Barack Obama won in ________ states such as Colorado and Pennsylvania, which are typically closely contested between the Democratic and Republican parties. | swing |
| Who are most likely to support Democrats in elections today? | trial lawyers |
| Which document prohibits the national government from limiting the right of individuals to join together regarding political issues? | the constitution |
| An example of a “free rider” is a person who ________. | benefits from lower student loan rates without joining a student advocacy interest group that fought for such legislation |
| The most effective lobbyists develop a reputation for ________. | accurate information |
| Many of the key cases brought to the federal courts are initiated by ________. | interest groups |
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