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The Constitution originally consisted of #___ Articles.
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The first three Articles of the constitution embody the doctrine of the _____
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government test 1

goverment 2305 The Declaraction of ind. Constitution, federalism, civil rights,

QuestionAnswer
The Constitution originally consisted of #___ Articles. The Constitution originally consisted of seven Articles.
The first three Articles of the constitution embody the doctrine of the _____ separation of powers
the separation of powers whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislature, consisting of the bicameral Congress; the executive, consisting of the President; and the judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts.
the legislature branch of the constitution consisting of the_____ the bicameral Congress
the executive branch of the constitution consitsts of the the President;
judiciary branch of the constitution consists of the ___ Supreme Court and other federal courts.
The fourth and sixth Articles frame the doctrine of _____ federalism, describing the relationship between State and State, and between the several States and the federal government.
The fifth Article provides the _____ procedure for amending the Constitution.
The seventh Article provides the ____ procedure for ratifying the Constitution.
The Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787, by the ____ Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia,
The Philadelphia convention made the constitution in ____ September 17, 1787
Since the Constitution was adopted, it has been amended ____ 27 times
The first ten amendments of the constitution are known as the _____ bill of rights
The constitution has how many signatures? 39 of the 55 delegates
What was the purpose of the constitution? To replace the Articles of confederation
The constitution was created on? September 17, 1787
The constitution was ratified on? June 21, 1788
It used the philosophy of ____ to rely on consent of the governed, Montesquieu for divided government, John locke
__who__ Government's duty under a social contract among the sovereign people was to serve them by protecting their rights. These basic rights were life, liberty and property. John Locke
John Locke These basic rights were life, liberty and property.
The United States Bill of Rights consists of the 10 amendments added to the Constitution in ___ 1791
The bill of rights include ... require jury trials, contain a right to keep and bear arms, prohibit excessive bail and forbid "cruel and unusual punishments."
The Constitution consists of a ____, seven original articles, twenty-seven amendments, and a paragraph certifying its enactment by the constitutional convention. preamble
the preamble in the constitution is ... the original document.
The preamble cannot be ... the original document cannot be changed or rewritten since the founding fathers felt the at God helped them write it.
The united states constitution is a ... living document ( people can add to it)
The preamble contains two things... the goals of the united states and the political philosophy of the united states.
(The goal) U Just Teach Did We Learn U- union Just- Justice Teach- Domestic tranquility Did- common defense We-General Welfare Learn- Liberty
Section two of the Constitution is the articles
(Articles) L E J S A S R L- legislative branch E- Executive branch J- judiciary branch S- state relations A- amendment process S-supremacy clause R- rectification
ERA Equal Rights Amendment
Who crafted the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson
Politics The process of deciding who benefits in society and who does not- who gets what, when and how
Efficacy Citizens' belief that they have the ability to achieve something desirable only if the government can listen to people like them
Civic engagement Individual and collective actions designed to identify and address issues of public concern
Political engagement Citizen action that are intended to solve public problems through political means
Government the institution that creates and implements policies and laws that guide the conduct of the nation
Citizens Members of the polity who, through birth of naturalization, enjoy the rights, privileges, and responsibilities attached to membership in a given nation.
Legitimacy A quality conferred on government by citizens who believe that its exercise of power is right and proper.
Naturalization The process of becoming a citizen by means other than birth, as in the case of immigrants
public goods Goods whose benefits cannot be limited and that are available to all.
Monarchy government in which a few members of a royal family, usually a king and queen, has absolute authority over a territory and its government.
Oilgarchy is a government in which only and elite few hold power.
Democracy Is a government in which the supreme power of governance lies in the hands of its citizens
Totalitarianism System of government in which the government essentially controls every aspect of people's lives
Authoritarianism System of government in which the government holds strong powers but is checked by some forces.
Constitutionalism Government that is structured by law, and in which the power of government is limited.
Limited Government Government that is restricted in what it can do so that the rights of the people are protected.
Divine right of the king The assertion that monarchies, as a manifestation of God's will, could rule absolutely without regard to the will or well-being of their subjects
Social contract an agreement between people and their leaders in which the people agree to give up some liberties so that their other liberties are protected.
Natural law The assertion that standards that govern human behavior are derived from the nature of the humans themselves and can be universally applied
Popular sovereignty The theory that government is created by the people and depends on the people for the authority to rule. John locke's social contract
Social contract theory The idea that individuals possess free will, and every individual is equally endowed with the God-given right of self- determination and the ability to consent to be governed.
Direct democracy A structure of government in which citizens discuss and decide policy through majority rule.
indirect democracy sometimes called representative democracy, a system in which citizens elect representatives who decide policies on behalf of their constituents.
Political culture The people's collective beliefs and attitudes about government and political processes.
Liberty The most essential quality of American democracy; it is both the freedom from governmental interference in (def cut off)
The constitution is organized around SIX fundamental principles of American democracy. 1.)popular sovereignty 2.)limited government 3.)separation of powers 4.)checks and balances 5.)Judaical review 6.)federalism
Checks and balances To maintain the equality of the branches, legal limits given to each branch some power over the other two.
judicial review courts have power to overturn laws they find unconstitutional.
federalism power is specifically divided between the national government and the states.
The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, ... was an agreement among the 13 founding states that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution
Federalism is a political concept in which ... used to describe the sharing of power between federal and state governments.
Federalism is a system based upon democratic rules and institutions in which the power to govern is shared between national and state governments, creating what is often called a federation.
How many people signed the Declaration of Independence? 56
The Declaration of Independence is a___ to the world. (middle finger) list of the King's transgressions /history of repeated injuries and usurpation.
When was the phrase " The United States of America" used? In the Declaration of Independence. (before just used United Colonies)
Analysis of the Declaration of Independence: 1.) birth certificate of US 2.) purpose: form a sound civil gov. 3.) based on Law of nature or nature's god. 4.) based on the social contract theory. 5.)right to revolt. 6.) political philosophy- democratic and republican.
The first attempt at forming an actual independent gov resulted in the... Articles of Confederation (1781-1789)
Why was the Articles of Confederation bad? The articles provided for a weak central government with no power to tax or raise an army. it was also difficult to pass laws and almost impossible to amend the articles themselves. shay's rebellion in 1787 convinced people to make a second attempt.
Te constitution is often referred to as ... a "bundle of compromises"
The Connecticut compromise created the House of Representatives and the Senate.
The debate over approving the new Constitution was mainly between _____ and ______ Federalists- Who supported the document Anti-Federalists- Who believed that the government would have too much power.
The federalist --a collection of papers did what? it convinces enough states to approve the new form of government.
What was the order of Acts or taxes the King imposed on the 13 colonies? Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Quartering Act.
At the suggestion of the Virginia House of Burgesses, colonial representatives met in Philadelphia on September 5, 1774, “to consult upon the present unhappy state of the Colonies.” Delegates to this meeting, known as the First Continental Congress
Who wrote the declaration of independence? Thomas Jefferson
Richard Henry Lee was an... American statesman from Virginia best known for the motion in the Second Continental Congress calling for the colonies' independence from Great Britain.
Richard Henry Lee In 1757 Lee was appointed Justice of the Peace, and was shortly thereafter elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses.In 1774 he was elected to attend the first Continental Congress.
Thomas Paine wrote Commen Sense
Richard Henry Lee He was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation and his resolution led to the United States Declaration of Independence, which Lee signed. He also served a one-year term as the President of the Continental Congress, and was a United States Senator
Second Continental Congress was Unicameral-is the practice of having one legislative or parliamentary chamber.
___ the supreme law of the United states. The Founding Father of the United States wrote the Constitution in 1787. The Constitution is the " supreme law of the land. It establishes the basic principles of the United States government.
power the ability to exercise control over others and get them to comply
supremacy Supreme power or authority
legitimacy lawfulness by virtue of being authorized or in accordance with law
sovereignty supreme and unrestricted power, as of a state
federalism a constitutional arrangement in which power is formally divided between national and subnational governments
secession formal separation from an alliance or federation
Civil War The war in the United States between the Union and the Confederacy from 1861 to 1865
US Constitution the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states
Bill of Rights the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1791, protecting civil liberties
Legislative Branch
Life
Term of office for members of the Senate 6 years
Term of office for members of the House of Representatives 2 years
Term of office for the President 4 years
Has the power to settle disputes between states Supreme Court
Can declare war Congress
Approves and vetoes laws The President
The branch of government that makes the laws Legislative
The branch of government that enforces the laws Executive
The branch of government that interprets the laws Judicial
Congress/Legislative Branch is made up of Senate and the House of Representatives
Proposes revenue (tax) laws House of Representatives
Appoints judges, ambassadors, and cabinet members President
Is commander-in-chief of the military The President
If the President vetoes a bill, Congress can override by a 2/3 vote of Congress
The Executive Branch is made up of The President, Vice-president, and the Cabinet
The highest court in the land Supreme court
Has 435 members House of Representatives
Has 100 members Senate
Reviews cases to see if the trial court made a mistake Court of Appeals
A case involving someone who is accused of committing a crime Criminal Case
A trial where a group of people listens to the evidence and decides the case Jury Trial
A trial where only the judge hears the evidence and decides the case Bench Trial
The power of the Supreme Court to decide what the Constitution really says Judicial Review
When an appellate court decides no mistake was made Affirm
When an appellate court overturns the trial court's verdict Reverse
When an appellate court sends a case back to the trial court Remand
John Locke wrote Two Treatises of Government; argues that all legitimate governing authority is based on the consent of the governed and that all individuals have 'natural rights'
Adam Smith wrote the invisible hand; the importance of limiting government in order to protect the economic rights of citizens
Thomas Hobbes "a war of all against all (in which life was) solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society
John Milton English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace
Lexington shot heard around the world
Thomas Paine (1737-1809) wrote a highly influential and persuasive tract, common sense, promising freedom, equality, and the prospect of democracy
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence
Bill of rights the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1791, protecting civil liberties
Permanent committee of the House or Senate that deals with matter within a specified subject area Standing Committee
The minority-party committee member with the most seniority Ranking Minority Leaders
Specialized committees within standing committees Subcommittees
Custom whereby the member of Congress who has served the longest on the majority side of a committee becomes its chair and the member who has served the longest on the minority side becomes its ranking member Seniority System
Actual writing of a bill in legal language Drafting a Bill
Line-by-line revision of a bill in committee by editing each phrase and word Markup
Petition signed by at least 218 House members to force a vote on a bill within a committee that opposes it Discharge Petition
Stipulation attached to a bill in the House of Representatives that governs its consideration on the floor, including when and for how long it can be debated and how many (if any) amendments may be appended to it Rule
Rule that forbids adding any amendments to a bill under consideration in the House Closed rule
Rule that allows only specified amendments to be added to a bill under consideration by the House Restricted Rule
Rule that permits unlimited amendments to a bill under consideration of the House Open Rule
Negotiated by the majority and minority leaders of the Senate, it specifies when a bill will be taken up on the floor, what amendments will be considered, and when a vote will be taken Unanimous Consent Agreement
Delaying tactic by a senator or group of senators, using the Senate’s unlimited debate rule to prevent a vote on a bill Filibuster
Vote to end debate – that is, to end a filibuster – which requires a 3/5th vote of the entire membership of the Senate Cloture
Amendment to a bill that is not germane to the bill’s purposes Rider
Vote of the full House or Senate at which all members’ individual votes are recorded and made public Roll-Call Vote
Meetings between representatives of the House and Senate to reconcile differences over provisions of a bill passes by both houses Conference Committees
Majority of Democrats voting in opposition to a majority of Republicans Party Votes
Percentage of Democrats and Republicans who stick with their party on party votes Party Unity
Agreement by members of both the Democratic and the Republican parties Bipartisanship
One party controls the presidency while the other party controls one or both houses of Congress Divided Party Government
The votes in a legislator’s home district Constituency
Legislators who feel obligated to use their own best judgment in decision making Trustees
Legislators who feel obligated to present the views of their home constituents Delegates
Bargaining for agreement among legislators to support each other’s favorite bills, especially projects that primarily benefit individual members and their constituents Logrolling
Political stalemate between the executive and legislative branches arising when one branch is controlled by one major political party and the other branch by the other party Gridlock
Public reprimand for wrongdoing, given to a member standing in the chamber before Congress Censure
What are the exclusive powers of the Senate? Ratify treaties, Confirm appointments (judicial, ambassador, cabinet), Try impeachments, if their is no majority for VP then Senate decides
What are the exclusive powers of the House? Originate tax bills, bring impeachment charges, if their is no majority for president then House decides
concurrent
concurrent
The power to control trade between the states enumerated
The power over trade inside each state reserved
The power to regulate foreign trade enumerated
The power to maintain a court system. concurrent
The power to license doctors, nurses, etc. reserved
The power to maintain an airforce. Implied
The power to coin money. enumerated
Establish post offices enumerated
Public Education reserved
Run elections reserved
Power to Declare War enumerated
Power to regulate licenses: doctors, nurses, driving, etc. reserved
Permanent committee of the House or Senate that deals with matter within a specified subject area Standing Committee
The minority-party committee member with the most seniority Ranking Minority Leaders
Specialized committees within standing committees Subcommittees
Custom whereby the member of Congress who has served the longest on the majority side of a committee becomes its chair and the member who has served the longest on the minority side becomes its ranking member Seniority System
Actual writing of a bill in legal language Drafting a Bill
Line-by-line revision of a bill in committee by editing each phrase and word Markup
Petition signed by at least 218 House members to force a vote on a bill within a committee that opposes it Discharge Petition
Stipulation attached to a bill in the House of Representatives that governs its consideration on the floor, including when and for how long it can be debated and how many (if any) amendments may be appended to it Rule
Rule that forbids adding any amendments to a bill under consideration in the House Closed rule
Rule that allows only specified amendments to be added to a bill under consideration by the House Restricted Rule
Rule that permits unlimited amendments to a bill under consideration of the House Open Rule
Negotiated by the majority and minority leaders of the Senate, it specifies when a bill will be taken up on the floor, what amendments will be considered, and when a vote will be taken Unanimous Consent Agreement
Delaying tactic by a senator or group of senators, using the Senate’s unlimited debate rule to prevent a vote on a bill Filibuster
Vote to end debate – that is, to end a filibuster – which requires a 3/5th vote of the entire membership of the Senate Cloture
Amendment to a bill that is not germane to the bill’s purposes Rider
Vote of the full House or Senate at which all members’ individual votes are recorded and made public Roll-Call Vote
Meetings between representatives of the House and Senate to reconcile differences over provisions of a bill passes by both houses Conference Committees
Majority of Democrats voting in opposition to a majority of Republicans Party Votes
Percentage of Democrats and Republicans who stick with their party on party votes Party Unity
Agreement by members of both the Democratic and the Republican parties Bipartisanship
One party controls the presidency while the other party controls one or both houses of Congress Divided Party Government
The votes in a legislator’s home district Constituency
Legislators who feel obligated to use their own best judgment in decision making Trustees
Legislators who feel obligated to present the views of their home constituents Delegates
Bargaining for agreement among legislators to support each other’s favorite bills, especially projects that primarily benefit individual members and their constituents Logrolling
Political stalemate between the executive and legislative branches arising when one branch is controlled by one major political party and the other branch by the other party Gridlock
Public reprimand for wrongdoing, given to a member standing in the chamber before Congress Censure
What are the exclusive powers of the Senate? Ratify treaties, Confirm appointments (judicial, ambassador, cabinet), Try impeachments, if their is no majority for VP then Senate decides
What are the exclusive powers of the House? Originate tax bills, bring impeachment charges, if their is no majority for president then House decides
Another name for the elastic clause is the ______. Necessary and Proper Clause
The number of Supreme Court justices is set by ______. congress
Originally, Federalists argued the Bill of Rights was left out of the Constitution because ______. the national government was one of enumerated powers only
Who were the authors of the Federalist Papers? James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay
An amendment is proposed either by the Congress with a ______ majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by ______ of the State legislatures. 2/3rds, 2/3rds
An amendment must ratified by ____ of state legislatures or by state ratifying conventions. 3/4ths
Today, the central role and authority of providing meaning to the Constitution is held by _____. the judicial branch
According to the Constitution, who has the authority to create and set the jurisdiction of federal courts other than the Supreme Court? congress
What term best describes a grant which is for a general government function, such as law enforcement or health? block
What term best describes a grant in which the project (with a specific narrow purpose. must be approved by the administrative federal agency and state and local governments compete by application for funds? categorical
During which era of American Federalism did the national government have its own goals and that virtually all problems confronting American society were declared to be national problems? Centralized Federalism 1964-1980
Beginning the _____ era of Federalism, the Supreme Court decision in Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority decision seemed to remove all barriers to direct congressional legislation in matters traditionally reserved to the states. Representational Federalism 1985-1995
Which era in the evolution of federalism defines “federalism” as the role of the states in electing members of Congress and the president, not by any constitutional division of powers? Representation Federalism 1985-1995
During the early years of the New Deal, the Supreme Court rulings found most New Deal legislation ______. unconstitutional
List the "areas for 3/4ths of federal aid expenditures" welfare, health (2/3rds), education
What is the importance of The Tenth Amendment? provides that powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the States by the Constitution are reserved to the States
Unlike the government established by the Mayflower Compact, colonial charters derived their authority from? the British monarchs
What was an important outcome of Shay's Rebellion? The Constitutional Convention
The Founders did NOT all believe in what? the nature of representation
What power is exercised by the Supreme Court when it declares a federal law or presidential action as unconstitutional? judicial review
The ______ has NO part in any of the possible methods of amending the Constitution. President
Choosing a representative to stand for you in Washington is known as? Republicanism
What form did most of the revenue raised under the original Constitution take? import tariffs
Who was given the power to declare war under the Constitution? Congress
How many amendments have been made to the Constitution? 27
What topic was the most debated at the Philadelphia convention? representation
What is independent authority given to both states and the national government? Federalism
________ is a government of laws, not people, operating on the principle that governmental power must be limited and government officials should be restrained in their exercise of power over individuals. constitutionalism
______ is the legal structure of a political system, establishing governmental bodies, granting their powers, determining how their members are selected and prescribing rules by which they make their decisions. constitution
_______ was an agreement among pilgrim colonists to establish a government, setting the precedent of government by contract among the governed. Mayflower Compact
______ are documents granted by the English Monarch to individuals, companies, and groups of settlers in the new American colonies. colonial charters
______ was the original framework for the government of the United States, adopted in 1781 and superseded by the U.S. Constitution in 1789 The Articles of Confederation
The law that would govern humans in a state of nature before governments existed. natural law
The rights of all people derived from natural law and not bestowed by governments, including the rights to life, liberty and property. inalienable rights
_____ was responsible for the original concept of natural law. Aristotle
______ said that natural law is part of the law of God, knowable by human beings by their power of reason. Thomas Aquinas
______ said humans by nature are not only reasonable but social and that rules are natural to them -- those dictated by reason alone -- are those which enable them to live in harmony with one another. Hugo Grotius
How members of the house are there? 435
How many electors in the electoral college are there? 535
Absolute rule claiming the right to govern came directly from God. Divine Right of Kings
3 key figures in The Reformation: Martin Luther, Henry VIII, Pope Leo X
______ proposed separation of executive and legislative powers John Locke
______ proposed separation of judiciary in addition to executive and legislative Baron de Montesquieu
______ was a conservative in Parliament supporting the colonies Edmund Burke
______ wrote “Leviathan” (1651), and believed that a government’s power must be absolute. Thomas Hobbes
Wrote the Second Treatise on Government 1689 John Locke
______ states that people are [politically] free and equal by the God-given right to consent to the government which has authority over them. Social Contract Theory
A ______ is an agreement between the people and their government signifying consent to be governed. social contract
Puritans were also known as ______. Separatists
The first American legal code was ______ also known as ______. Lawes Divine, Moral and Martiall, Dale's Code
2 examples of proprietary charters given to an individual were ______. William Penn, Lord Baltimore
Royal charters were given to the colonists themselves in what 2 states? Connecticut and Rhode Island
______ was an age of the development of commercial industry and favorable balance of trade. Mercantilism
The phrase "no taxation without representation" was a response to the ________. Stamp Act of 1765
The Boston Tea Party was a response to the ______. Townshend Acts of 1767
The ______, also known as the Intolerable Acts, were a total blockade of Boston and the housing British troops. Coercive Acts of 1774
The General Assembly of Virginia consisted of Governor Sir ______, his __ concillors (the upper house), and ___ elected burgesses (the lower house) George Yeardly, 6, 22
The ______ consisted of Governor Sir George Yeardly, his 6 concillors (the upper house), and 22 elected burgesses (the lower house). General Assembly of Virginia
______ wrote Common Sense. Thomas Paine
The Declaration of Independence was authored by ______. Thomas Jefferson
The idea the government originates from an implied contract among people who agree to obey laws in exchange for the protection of their natural rights Social Contract
Government by representatives of the people rather than directly by the people themselves Republicanism
Belief that shared cultural, historical, linguistic, and social characteristics of a people justify the creation of a government encompassing all of them Nationalism
The resulting nation-state should be independent and legally equal to all other nation-states Nationalism
A government in which power is concentrated in the legislature, which chooses from among its members a prime minister and cabinet Parliamentary government
A constitutional plan that merged elements of a Virginia plan and a New Jersey plan into the present arrangement of the US Congress Connecticut Compromise
A compromise in the Constitutional Convention of 1787 between pre- and slave states in which slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for both taxation and representation. Three-Fifths Compromise
Compulsory payments to the government Taxes
Tax imposed on imported products (also called a customs duty) Tariff
Unified trade area in which all goods and services can be sold or exchanged free from customs or tariffs Common Market
The clause in Article VI of the US Constitution declaring the Constitution and federal laws “the supreme Law of the Land” superior to state laws and constitutions and requiring state judges to be bound thereby. National Supremacy Clause
proposed laws or constitutional amendments submitted to the voters for their direct approval or rejection, found in state constitutions, but not in the US Constitution Referenda
Constitutional division of powers among the three branches of the national government – legislative, executive and judicial Separation of Powers
Constitutional provisions giving each branch of the national government certain checks over the actions of other branches Checks and Balances
Power of the US Supreme Court and federal judiciary to declare laws of Congress and the states and actions of the president unconstitutional and therefore legally invalid Judicial review
Power of a legislature to approve or reject decisions made by other bodies. Ratification
______ or ______ must have the power to ratify constitutional amendments submitted by Congress. State legislators, state conventions
The US Senate has the power to ratify ______ made by the president treaties
The ______ has the power to ratify treaties made by the president US Senate
Opponents of the ratification of the Constitution, who later coalesced into a political party supporting Thomas Jefferson for president in 1800. Anti-Federalists
Written guidance of basic individual liberties; the first ten amendments to the US Constitution Bill of Rights
Powers specifically mentioned in the Constitution belonging to the national government Enumerated powers
Formal changes in a bill, law or constitution Amendments
Proposed amendment to the Constitution guaranteeing that equal rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex Equal Rights Amendment
The ______ was passed by Congress in 1972, the amendment failed to win ratification by three of the necessary three-fourths of the states. Equal Rights Amendment
What is the article, section, clause of the Elastic or Necessary and Proper Clause? Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3
What article, section, clause deals with the powers denied to the states? Article 1, Section 10
What article, section, clause outlines the presidential powers? Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1-3
What article, section, clause is the Supremacy Clause? Article 6, Clause 2
The first 10 amendments were written by ______. James Madison
What are 2 court cases which affirmed the 2nd amendment's right to bear arms? District of Columbia v. Heller, Chicago v. McDonald
What amendment protects citizens from quartering troops? 3rd amendment
What amendment protects against unreasonable searches? 4th amendment
What amendment provides for a grand jury; protects against double jeopardy; due process of law; compensation for confiscation of private property for public use? 5th amendment
What amendment? speedy and public trial; confront witnesses in court; legal counsel 6th amendment
What amendment? right to a jury trial in civil cases 7th amendment
What amendment? prohibits excessive bail, fines or cruel or unusual punishment 8th amendment
What amendment? Protects all other unspecified rights of the people 9th amendment
What amendment? reserves to the states or the people those powers neither granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the states in the Constitution 10th amendment
The term ______ began in the administration of Richard Nixon (1969-1974) and the program of general revenue sharing continued into the Ronald Reagan administration. New Federalism
Any legislative body that consists of two separate chambers or houses Bicameral
Congress’s exclusive constitutional power to authorize expenditures by all agencies of the federal government Power of the Purse
Congressional monitoring of the activities of executive branch agencies to determine if the laws are being faithfully executed Oversight
The constitutional power of the US Senate to reject or ratify (by two-thirds vote) treaties made by the president Advice and Consent
The constitutionally required consent of the Senate to appointments of high-level executive officials by the president and appointments of federal judges Confirmation
Congressional committee sessions in which members listen to witnesses who provide information and opinions on matters of interest to the committee, including pending legislation Congressional Hearings
Congressional committee hearings on alleged misdeeds or scandals Congressional Investigation
A written command to appear before a court or a congressional committee Subpoena
Willful disobedience to, or open disrespect of, a court or a congressional body Contempt
Lying while under oath after swearing to tell the truth Perjury
Formal charges of wrongdoing brought against a government official, resulting in a trial and upon conviction removal from office Impeachment
The allocation of legislative seats to jurisdictions based on population Appointment
Unequal numbers of people in legislative districts resulting in inequality of voter representation Malappointment
Drawing of legislative district boundary lines following each 10 year census Redistricting
Drawing district boundaries lines for political advantage Gerrymandering
Redistricting in which a strong minority is divided up and diluted to prevent it from electing a representative Splintering
Redistricting in which partisan voters are concentrated in a single district, “wasting” their majority vote and allowing the opposition to win by modest majorities in other districts Packing
What amendment prevented the states from denying the vote on the basis of race, color, or previous enslavement? 15th
What amendment instituted a federal income tax? 16th (1913)
What amendment established direct election of Senators by popular vote? 17th
A constitutional arrangement whereby power is divided between national and subnational governments, each of which enforces its own laws directly on its citizens and neither of which can alter the arrangement without the consent of the other Federalism
Constitutional arrangement whereby authority rests with the national government, subnational government have only those powers given to them by the national government Unitary system
Constitutional agreement whereby the national government is created by and relies on subnational governments for authority Confederation
Power of local government to pass laws affecting local affairs, so long as those laws do not conflict with state or federal laws Home Rule
Network of political, financial, and administrative relationships between units of the federal government and those of state and local government Intergovernmental relations
A reference to the ability of states to experiment and innovate in public policy Laboratories of Democracy
Powers specifically mentioned in the Constitution as belonging to the national government Delegated or enumerated powers
Clause in Article I, Section 8, of the US Constitution Necessary and Proper Clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause is also known as the ______. Implied Powers Clause
Powers not mentioned specifically in the Constitution as belonging to Congress but inferred as necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated powers Implied Powers
Clause in Article VI of the US Constitution declaring the constitution and laws of the national government “the supreme law of the land” superior to the constitutions and laws of the states National Supremacy Clause
- Powers executed by both the national government and state governments in the American federal system Concurrent powers
Powers not granted to the national government or specifically denied to the states in the Constitution that are recognized by the 10th Amendment as belonging to the state governments. Reserved Powers
Early concept of federalism in which national and state powers were clearly distinguished and functionally separate Dual federalism
Model of federalism in which national, state, and local governments work together exercising common policy responsibilities Cooperative federalism
Model of federalism in which the national government assumes primary responsibility for determining national goals in all major policy areas and directs the state and local government activity through conditions attached to money grants Centralized federalism
Attempts to return power and responsibility to the states and reduce the role of the national government in domestic affairs New federalism
Assertion that no constitutional division of powers exists between the nation and the states but the states retain their constitutional role merely by selecting the president and members of Congress Representational federalism
Decisions are made directly by the people, usually by popular initiative and referenda voting, as opposed to decisions made by elected representatives Direct Democracy
Allows a specified number or percentage of voters by use of a petition to place a state constitutional amendment or a state law on the ballot for adoption or rejection by the state electorate Initiative
proposed laws or constitutional amendments submitted to the voters for their direct approval or rejection, found in state constitutions, but not in the US Constitution Referenda
An election to allow voters to decide whether or not to remove an elected official before his or her term expires Recall
Payment of funds from the national government to state or local governments or from a state government to local governments for a specified purpose Grant-in-aid
Federal grants to a state or local government for specific purposes or projects; may be allocated by formulas or by projects Categorical grants
Federal grants to state or local governments for general government functions allowing greater flexibility in the use of money Block grants
Passing down of responsibilities from the national government to the states Devolution
A term referring to direct federal orders (Mandates) to state and local governments to perform a service or conform to federal law in the performance of a function Coercive federalism
Total or partial federal assumption of power in a particular field, restricting the authority of the states Preemption
Federal government’s assumption of all regulatory powers in a particular field Total preemption
Federal government’s assumption of some regulatory powers in a particular field, with the stipulation that a state law on the same subject as a federal law is valid if it does not conflict with the federal law in the same area Partial preemption
Form of partial preemption in which the states are permitted to regulate activities already regulated by the federal government if the state regulatory standards are at least as stringent as the federal government’s Standard partial preemption
direct federal orders to state and local governments requiring them to perform a service or to obey federal laws in the performance of their functions Mandates
Mandates that impose costs on state and local governments (and private industry) without reimbursement from the federal government Unfunded mandates
What is the term for powers explicitly given to the Congress? Delegated or enumerated
State powers are _______ powers. reserved
What age of federalism occurred from 1787-1868? state-centered federalism
What age of federalism occurred from 1868-1913? Dual Federalism
What age of federalism occurred from 1913-1964? Cooperative Federalism
What age of federalism occurred from 1964-1980? Centralized Federalism
President Lyndon B. Johnson started the ______ program in 1964 with national goals during the Centralized Federalism era. Great Society
What age of federalism occurred from 1980-1985? New Federalism
What age of federalism occurred from 1985-1995? Representational Federalism
In the original constitution voter qualifications were ______. left up to the states
What amendment eliminated slavery in the states? 13th
What amendment extended the Bill of Rights to the states (ratified 1868)? 14th
States retain nearly all government powers except those specifically given to the Congress.
Judges of the supreme court must be nominated by The President
The constitutional amendment which was later repealed is the Eighteenth
The executive branch of our government is headed by The President
A member of the house of representatives must be at least 25 years old
A law to punish a man for something that was not against the law when he did it is called an ex post facto law
The bill of rights is the first 10 amendments
A member of the house of representatives must have been a U.S. citizen for at least 7 years
In order to become part of the constitution, amendments now usually have to be ratified by the state legislators within 7 Years
Invoking the fifth amendment means that an accused man refuses to testify against himself
Representatives from the states met to write a new constitution in 1787
To be impeached, you must be found guilty by a vote of two thirds of the senators present
Nobody may be elected President more than twice
Questions about interpreting the constitution are finally settled by Supreme Court
The number of amendments to the constitution is 27
Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of vice president, a new one may be appointed by The president
The president's term ends at noon on January 20
A president of the United States must be at least 35 years old
If a President is impeached, the trial will be presided over by The chief justice
A member of the United States senate must be at least 30 years old
We now make a count of our population every 10 years
The number of representatives a state gets depends on the number of people it has
The length of term of a senator is 6 years
Our country's first constitution was The Articles of Confederation
The number of senators each state shall have is 2
The commander in chief of the armed forces of the united states is The President
They met in the city of Philadelphia
The number of main branches in our government is 3
The number of amendments added to the constitution by the end of 1791 was 10
A man accused of crime in court has a right to hear the witnesses against him
The major department head who is appointed by the president to deal with foreign countries is the Secretary of State
The Constitution guarantees anybody on trial for a crime the right of Trial by jury
The number of articles in the constitution is 7
The length of term of president is 4 years
No person's house or property may be searched without Search Warrant
The constitution became the law of the land in 1788
All impeachments are tried by the Senate
The number of presidential electors a state is the same as the number of its senators and representatives
The length of term of members of the house of representatives is 2 years
The judicial branch of our government consists of the supreme court and U.S. courts
The total number of presidential electors is 538
The supreme court now has a chief justice and 8 judges
The legislative branch of our government is called Congress
Laws for the United states are made by Congress
Amendment 1 Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, and Petition
Amendment 2 A well regulated militia and the right to bear arms
Amendment 3 No quartering of soldiers
Amendment 4 No unreasonable search or request
Amendment 5 No person tried without grand jury indictment, not to be punished twice for the same offense, no witness against yourself, and due process of law
Amendment 6 Rights of accused in criminal cases
Amendment 7 Trial by jury
Amendment 8 No excessive bail or cruel punishment
Amendment 9 People retain rights not listed in Constitution
Amendment 10 Power not given to the federal government is given to the people and states
Amendment 11 Prohibits federal courts from hearing cases against a state by a citizen of another state
Amendment 12 Requires that choices for President and Vice President must be designated as such
Amendment 13 Abolished slavery
Amendment 14 Defines citizenship as all persons born or naturalized in the United States
Amendment 15 Declares that the right to vote cannot be denied because of race
Amendment 16 Gives Congress the power to impose federal income tax
Amendment 17 Provides that United States senators be elected directly by the people
Amendment 18 Prohibits the manufacture, sale, and shipment of alcoholic beverages
Amendment 19 Gives women the right to vote
Amendment 20 President and Vice President start their new terms on January 20th and Congress starts on January 3rd
Amendment 21 Repealed the 18th amendment
Amendment 22 Limits the President to serving a maximum of 2 terms (8 years)
Amendment 23 Washington D.C is given the right to vote for President and Vice President
Amendment 24 Prohibits the paying of tax as a requirement to vote
Amendment 25 Lists who takes over as President if the President is too sick or dies (list of presidential succession)
Amendment 26 Lowers the voting age to 18
Amendment 27 Congress cannot pass immediate pay raises for itself
Which of the following is a purpose of the national government, as outlined in Article 3? To Secure liberties, provide for common defense and mutual welfare.
Legislative
What is Article II? Executive
What is Article III? Judicial
What is Article IV? Relations among states
What is Article V? How to change the constitution
What is Article VI? National Supremacy Clause
What is Article VII? How to ratify the constitution
Judicial to legislative Courts may declare acts of congress to be unconstitutional
Executive to Judicial President appoints supreme court justices and other federal judges
Legislative to Executive Congress makes laws, creates agencies and programs, override veto with a 2/3 vote, may remove the president with impeachment
Executive to Legislative President may veto legislation, may call special sessions, recommend legislation, appeal to the people
Legislative to Judicial Congress creates lower courts, may remove judges through impeachment, senate approves or rejects judges
Judicial to Executive Judges are appointed for life, free from executive control; courts may declare executive actions to be unconstitutional
1st Amendment Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly and petition
2nd Amendment Right to bear arms
3rd Amendment Quartering of Troops
4th Amendment Search, seizure and proper warrants
5th Amendment Criminal proceedings; due process; eminent domain
6th Amendment Criminal proceedings
7th Amendment Civil Trials
8th Amendment Punishment for Crimes
9th Amendment Unenumerated Rights
10th Amendment Powers reserved to the state
13th Amendment Slavery and Involuntary Solitude
14th Amendment Rights of Citizens
15th Amendment Right to Vote
16th Amendment Income Tax
17th Amendment Popular election of Senators
18th Amendment Prohibition of intoxicating liquors
19th Amendment Women can vote; equal rights
block grant type of federal grant in aid for some particular, but broadly defined area of public policy (like health care)
Privileges and Immunities Clause Constitution's stipulation that all citizens are entitled to certain privileges and immunities regardless of their state of residence
Act of Admission Congressional act admitting a new sate to the Union
Federalism System of government in which a written constitution divides the power between a central government and state governments
Delegated Powers those powers expressed, inherent, or implied granted to the U.S. government by the Constitution
Expressesd Powers Those delegated powers of the national government that are LISTED in the Constitution.
Interstate Commerce (Compact) Formal agreement entered into with congressional consent between states or a foreign country
Grants-In-Aid program grants of federal money or other resources to states, cities, counties, and other local govenrments
Reserved Powers those powers that the Constitution does not grant to the National government, and does not deny to the states
Implied Powers suggested by the expressed powers sest in the Constitution; they are "necessary and proper" to carry out expressed powers
Exclusive Powers powers that can be exercised by the National government alone
Project Grant type of federal grant in aid made for specific projects such as cancer research
Revenue Sharing System where federal government gave a share of federal tax revenue back to the states
Full Faith & Credit Clause Constitution requirements that each state accept public act, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state
Concurrent Powers powers that both the national government and state governments exercise
Categorial Grants Type of federal grant in aid made for a specific purpose such as lunch programs
Enabling Act Congressional act directing people of a US territory to frame a proposed state constitution as a step towards statehood
Extradition Legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one state is returned to that state
necessary and proper clause (elastic clause) The final clause in Article I, Section 8 which grants Congress the power to carry out the enumerated powers
Supremacy Clause Found in Article VI, this clause places the Constitution, federal law, and treaties as the supreme law of the land
the number of people it has
The length of term of a senator is 6 years
Our country's first constitution was The Articles of Confederation
The number of senators each state shall have is 2
The commander in chief of the armed forces of the united states is The President
They met in the city of Philadelphia
The number of main branches in our government is 3
The number of amendments added to the constitution by the end of 1791 was 10
A man accused of crime in court has a right to hear the witnesses against him
The major department head who is appointed by the president to deal with foreign countries is the Secretary of State
The Constitution guarantees anybody on trial for a crime the right of Trial by jury
The number of articles in the constitution is 7
The length of term of president is 4 years
No person's house or property may be searched without Search Warrant
The constitution became the law of the land in 1788
All impeachments are tried by the Senate
The number of presidential electors a state is the same as the number of its senators and representatives
The length of term of members of the house of representatives is 2 years
The judicial branch of our government consists of the supreme court and U.S. courts
The total number of presidential electors is 538
The supreme court now has a chief justice and 8 judges
The legislative branch of our government is called Congress
Laws for the United states are made by Congress
Amendment 1 Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, and Petition
Amendment 2 A well regulated militia and the right to bear arms
Amendment 3 No quartering of soldiers
Amendment 4 No unreasonable search or request
Amendment 5 No person tried without grand jury indictment, not to be punished twice for the same offense, no witness against yourself, and due process of law
Amendment 6 Rights of accused in criminal cases
Amendment 7 Trial by jury
Amendment 8 No excessive bail or cruel punishment
Amendment 9 People retain rights not listed in Constitution
Amendment 10 Power not given to the federal government is given to the people and states
Amendment 11 Prohibits federal courts from hearing cases against a state by a citizen of another state
Amendment 12 Requires that choices for President and Vice President must be designated as such
Amendment 13 Abolished slavery
Amendment 14 Defines citizenship as all persons born or naturalized in the United States
Amendment 15 Declares that the right to vote cannot be denied because of race
Amendment 16 Gives Congress the power to impose federal income tax
Amendment 17 Provides that United States senators be elected directly by the people
Amendment 18 Prohibits the manufacture, sale, and shipment of alcoholic beverages
Amendment 19 Gives women the right to vote
Amendment 20 President and Vice President start their new terms on January 20th and Congress starts on January 3rd
Amendment 21 Repealed the 18th amendment
Amendment 22 Limits the President to serving a maximum of 2 terms (8 years)
Amendment 23 Washington D.C is given the right to vote for President and Vice President
Amendment 24 Prohibits the paying of tax as a requirement to vote
Amendment 25 Lists who takes over as President if the President is too sick or dies (list of presidential succession)
Amendment 26 Lowers the voting age to 18
Amendment 27 Congress cannot pass immediate pay raises for itself
Which of the following is a purpose of the national government, as outlined in Article 3? To Secure liberties, provide for common defense and mutual welfare.
block grant type of federal grant in aid for some particular, but broadly defined area of public policy (like health care)
Privileges and Immunities Clause Constitution's stipulation that all citizens are entitled to certain privileges and immunities regardless of their state of residence
Act of Admission Congressional act admitting a new sate to the Union
Federalism System of government in which a written constitution divides the power between a central government and state governments
Delegated Powers those powers expressed, inherent, or implied granted to the U.S. government by the Constitution
Expressesd Powers Those delegated powers of the national government that are LISTED in the Constitution.
Interstate Commerce (Compact) Formal agreement entered into with congressional consent between states or a foreign country
Grants-In-Aid program grants of federal money or other resources to states, cities, counties, and other local govenrments
Reserved Powers those powers that the Constitution does not grant to the National government, and does not deny to the states
Implied Powers suggested by the expressed powers sest in the Constitution; they are "necessary and proper" to carry out expressed powers
Exclusive Powers powers that can be exercised by the National government alone
Project Grant type of federal grant in aid made for specific projects such as cancer research
Revenue Sharing System where federal government gave a share of federal tax revenue back to the states
Full Faith & Credit Clause Constitution requirements that each state accept public act, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state
Concurrent Powers powers that both the national government and state governments exercise
Categorial Grants Type of federal grant in aid made for a specific purpose such as lunch programs
Enabling Act Congressional act directing people of a US territory to frame a proposed state constitution as a step towards statehood
Extradition Legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one state is returned to that state
necessary and proper clause (elastic clause) The final clause in Article I, Section 8 which grants Congress the power to carry out the enumerated powers
Supremacy Clause Found in Article VI, this clause places the Constitution, federal law, and treaties as the supreme law of the land
Which amendment includes freedom of religion? 1st Amendment
Which amendment protects the right of states to maintain a militia and of citizens to bear arms? 2nd Amendment
Which amendment includes freedom of speech? 1st Amendment
Which amendment prohibits the government from forcing citizens to quarter (house) troops? 3rd Amendment
Which amendment includes freedom of assembly (ex. protest)? 1st Amendment
Which amendment protects citizens against "unreasonable searches and seizures"? 4th Amendment
Which amendment includes freedom of the press? 1st Amendment
Which amendment assures citizens of the right to due process (fair legal procedures)? 5th Amendment
Which amendment guarantees the right to petition (ask) the government for change? 1st Amendment
Which amendment guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury? 6th Amendment
Which amendment protects citizens from double jeopardy (being put on trial twice for the same crime)? 5th Amendment
Which amendment protects against excessive bail and fines? 8th Amendment
Which amendment protects citizens from being forced to testify against themselves? 5th Amendment
Which amendment guarantees citizens the right to a jury trial in a civil case (someone is being sued)? 7th Amendment
Which amendment require the government to compensate citizens if they take their property through eminent domain? 5th Amendment
Which amendment guarantees the right to counsel (a lawyer)? 6th Amendment
Which amendment provides that the people's rights are not restricted to those listed in the other Amendments? 9th Amendment
Which amendment protects citizens against cruel and unusual punishment? 8th Amendment
Which amendment restates the principle of federalism by providing that powers not granted to the national government nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states and to the people? 10th Amendment
Rule or law this is the idea borrowed from rome that citizens choose a smaller group to represent then, make laws, and govern them.
justinian this is the ruler who organzed roman laws into an orderly code of laws.
social contral this is the idea that people in society agree to give up part of their freedom to a goverment as long as that goverment protects their natural rights.
precedent when deciding a court cases in the past. a decision made in an earlier case is called a
natural rights this is the right all humans have- life, liberty, and the right to own property
common law this is the system of law borrowed from england based on court decisions instead of written laws.
magna carta this is a document that the nobles made king john sing in 1215. it included equal treatment, trial by jury, and rule of law.
mostesquieu this philosopher said that the best way to limit goverment is to seperate and balance its power, such as the 3 branches we have today
john lock this is the philosopher who belived in social contract and said that the people should overthrow a goverment that breaks that contract and does not protect their rights
republic this idea borrowed from the magna carta means that both the goverment and the people beign governd must obey the laws.
code of hammurabi this ruler is responsible for the first written code of laws
seperation of power this is when power of the goverment is divided into diferent branches, each with different jobs
Which Article of the Constitution establishes the Legislative Branch of the Constitution? Article I
What are the three parts to the Constitution? Preamble, Articles, and the Amendments
How many articles are there in the Constitution? 7
How many amendments are there to the Constitution? 27
Which Article established the Executive branch of government? Article II
Which Article established the relationship between states? Article IV
Which Article establishes the method of amending the Constitution? Article V
Which article establishes the Judicial branch? Article III
Which article established the means by which the constitution could be ratified? Article VII
What article of the constitution established the Supremacy Clause? Article VI
Article IV, section one established what? Full faith and Credit Clause
What rights does the 1st amendment guarantee? freedom of speech, religion, press, peaceably assemble and to formally express grievances.
What does the 2nd Amendment guarantee? The right to bear arms.
What does the 3rd Amendment guarantee? protection against forceful quartering of peoples. The owner must provide consent before one may be quartered in their house.
What does the 4th Amendment guarantee? Protection against unreasonable search and seizure.
The 5th Amendment establishes what? The rights of the accused. It protects against self incrimination, double jeopardy, and guarantees due process of law.
What does the 6th amendment establish? The right to a public and speedy trial, and impartial jury of one's peers, trial in the district in which the crime was committed, to be informed of the accusation, right to an attorney, and witnesses.
What does the 8th Amendment establish? protection against cruel and unusual punishment as well as excessive fines or bail.
What does the 7th Amendment establish? The amount of money involved in a civil suit in order to have a trial by jury.
What does the 9th amendment guarantee? Rights of the people are not limited to those rights stated in the Constitution.
What does the 10th Amendment deal with? Reserves powers that are not delegated to the United States nor prohibited to the states are reserved for the states or the people.
What did the 11th Amendment establish? States may not sue other states.
What did the 12th Amendment do? It changed the electoral college. Stated that votes for candidates must specify position for which they are voting.
What did the 13th Amendment do? Abolished slavery
What does the 14th amendment guarantee? equal protection under the law regardless of race, color, or creed. Neither the state nor congress are allowed to infringe on this right.
What did the 15th Amendment do? Issued the right to vote regardless of race, color, or creed.
Which amendment guarantees freedom of religion? 1st
Which amendment guarantees freedom of speech? 1st
Which amendment guarantees freedom of the press? 1st
Which amendment guarantees freedom of assembly? 1st
Which amendment guarantees freedom to petition the government for grievances? 1st
Which amendment protects your right to a speedy trial by jury? 6th
Which amendment protects the rights of the accused? 5th
Which amendment limits the government’s right to use private homes to house soldiers? 3rd
Which amendment guarantees the right to a jury trial in lawsuits exceeding $20? 7th
Which amendment allows for certain rights to be reserved to the states? 10th
Which amendment protects against unreasonably high fines and bail and forbids cruel and unusual punishment? 8th
Which amendment allows for certain rights to be reserved to the people? 9th
Which article establishes the hierarchy of laws in the United States? 6
Which article described the amendment process? 5
Which article guarantees that court decisions and other legal actions (e.g., marriage, divorce, incorporations) that are valid in one state are valid in another? 4
Which article provides for the admission of new states and guarantees federal protections against invasion and violence for each state? 4
Which article stated that the federal laws supercede state constitutions, state laws, and local laws respectively 6
Which branch of the government carries out laws? Executive branch
Which branch of the government interprets laws? Judicial branch
Which branch of the government passes laws? Legislative branch
What was a group who opposed Constitution during the ratification debate in 1787? Anti-federalists
What was a group who supported the Constitution during the ratification debate in 1787; favored a strong national government? Federalists
What are the the first 10 amendments to the Constitution called? Bill of Rights
What are powers given to state governments called? reserved powers
What is the division of government so that no one branch becomes too powerful; a system of checks and balances? separation of powers
What are the powers given to the national government by the Constitution called? delegated powers
What is the power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional called? judicial review
What are the powers that the federal system or Constitution expressly forbids either the national or state governments called? denied powers
What is the power of each of the three branches of government to limit the actions of the other branches called? Checks and balances
What are the powers shared by the national and state governments called? Concurrent powers
Created by: meskelson
 

 



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