Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Immunity
Immunity test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What immune cell is responsible for releasing histamine and causing the red itchy welts associated with allergies? | mast cell |
| What is the term used to describe white blood cells migrating toward bacteria? | chemotaxis |
| What host cell membrane structures enable the attachment of a virus like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? | receptors |
| Name the process a cell such as a neutrophil or a macrophage uses to ingest (eat) its prey. | phagocytosis |
| In HIV infection, reverse transcription describes which of the following? | converting viral RNA into DNA |
| Which of these produces and secretes antibodies in the body? | plasma cell |
| What product of the immune system attaches to bacteria, making them easier to eat by white blood cells? | antibody |
| Which of these cell types can play a primary role in attacking and killing cancer cells? | cytotoxic T cell |
| What is the mechanism of WBCs use to kill bacteria, fungi and other invading pathogens? | oxidative activity |
| Which of these must infect a living host to reproduce? | viruses |
| What bacterial structure does penicillin weaken? | cell wall |
| Which is a specific defense against viruses and bacteria? | B cells |
| The maturation of T cells and the production of particular T cell receptors occurs in the | thymus gland |
| Which is most likely to produce anaphylaxis in a susceptible individual? | bee sting |
| Which is an example of an autoimmune disease? | lupus |
| Which is an example of an immunodeficiency disorder? | AIDS |
| What chemical is typically released by the body in an allergic response? | histamine |
| This type of immune cell engulfs foreign particles is called? | Phagocytes |
| These lymphocytes produce antibodies which tag foreign particles for destrucion by phagocytes. | B-lymphocytes |
| These lymphocytes destroy virus invaded cells and mutant cells by non-phagocytic means. | T-lymphocytes |
| This is first line of defence against invading pathogens but if this is breached then the white blood cells take over. | Skin |
| The liver, spleen, thymus and Lymphatic System are major organ on what system. | immune system |
| The main components of the immune system is called? | White blood cells |
| White blood cells are also known as these types of cells? | macrophages (Monocytes), |
| These substance that provokes an allergic response is called? | allergen |
| An inappropriate response by the immune system to a normally harmless substance that can affect any type of body tissue | allergy |
| A protein molecule made by the immune system that is designed to intercept and neutralize a specific invading organism | antibody |
| A substance that can elicit the formation of an antibody when introduced into the body | antigen |
| Complex system that depends on the interaction of many different organs, cells and proteins. Chief function is to identify and eliminate foreign substances in our body | immune system |
| This condition of being able to resist and overcome disease or infection | immunity |
| Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing organisms such as viruses, bacteria etc.Cancer of the blood producing tissues, especially in the bone marrow and lymph nodes | infection |
| Clear fluid derived from blood plasma. It will eventually return to the blood circulation | lymph |
| Organs located in the lymphatic vessels that act as filters, trapping and removing foreign organisms | lymph nodes |
| Type of WBCs that responsible for the secretion of antibodies and the phagocytosis of foreign substances. | lymphocyte |
| Ingestion of antigens by macrophages | opsonization |
| Process of engulfing and ingesting foreign particles like bacteria by the WBCs | phagocytosis |
| These blood cell contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen around the body is called? | red blood cell |
| It aids in the catalyst of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin is called? | thrombin |
| An enzyme that converts prothrombin into thrombin is called? | thrombokinase |
| Vast group of minute, disease-causing organism is called? | virus |
| Cell that functions in fighting infections and repairing damaged tissues is called? | wite blood cell |
| These cells are responsible for the defense system in the body. | white blood cells |
| White blood cells | leucocytes |
| They can also be found in the pus of wounds. | neutrophils |
| They have a segmented nuclei and it is said to be ‘C’ shaped. | neutrophils |
| These cell can be commonly found near sites of infection or injury where they will stick to the walls of the blood vessels and engulf any foreign particles that try to enter the bloodstream | neutrophils |
| These cells mainly attacks parasites and any antigen complexes. | eosinophils |
| These cells are also responsible for allergic response within the blood. | eosinophils |
| They secrete anti-coagulant and antibodies, which mediate hypersensitivity reactions within the blood. | basophils |
| They are known to have phagocytory features though they are more often related to immediate immune reaction against external germs and diseases. | basophils |
| They act as tissue macrophages and remove foreign particles and prevent the invasion of germs which cannot be effectively dealt with by the neutrophils | monocytes |
| They have been known to have phagocytic functions. | monocytes |
| These cells produce anti-bodies against toxins secreted by bacteria and infecting germs. | lymphocytes |
| These antibodies will be excreted into the plasma to kill bacteria in the blood as well as act as anti-toxins. | lymphocytes |
| These anti-bodies will cause the foreign particles to cluster together, rendering them easily engulfed by the phagocytes. | lymphocytes |
| These cells are highly specific and they can only recognize certain antigens. | lymphocytes |
| is non-specific - in other words, it's there all the time rather than being triggered by a specific attack | passive immune system |
| It's also sometimes called the innate immune system | passive immune system |
| This is a series of enzymatic proteins in normal serum (blood) that in the presence of a specific sensitizer will destroy bacteria and other foreign cells. | Complement system: |
| This is basically the same thing as the antibody-antigen reaction. | Complement system: |
| The function of the spleen is blood formation, blood storage and blood filtration. | Spleen: |
| If the spleen is removed in children, they will result in abnormal risk of infections. | Spleen: |
| The spleen controls and negates bacteria in the bloodstream. | Spleen: |
| is the soft organic material that fills the cavities of bone | Bone marrow: |
| is the source of all blood cells | Bone marrow: |
| can be donated and transplanted | Bone marrow: |
| There are two types of WBC | Granulocytes/ |
| have granules in their cytoplasm (cell gook) | Granulocytes/agranulocytes |
| those that lack granules in the cytoplasm. | agranulocytes |
| include neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils. | Granulocytes |
| include lymphocytes and monocytes. | agranulocytes |
| All antibodies belong to a special group of serum proteins called | immunoglobulins. |
| These are protein substances that develop in response to, and interacting specifically with an antigen | Antibodies: |
| It is responsible for producing T-cells | Thymus |
| This organ lives in your chest, between your breast bone and your heart | Thymus |
| These new blood cells, both red and white are produced where. | Bone marrow |
| The type of marrow produces all blood cells from what type of cells? | stem cells |
| A person missing this organ gets sick much more often than someone that has it. | spleen |
| immunity acquired through exposure to antigen and response of one's own immune system. | active immunity |
| immunity acquired through responses of antigen-specific lymphocytes, resulting in immune memory. | adaptive immunity |
| molecule that increases the immune response to an antigen. Adjuvants are often given with vaccines. | adjuvant |
| attraction between two molecules; the higher the affinity, the higher the probability they will bind and stay bound to one another. | affinity |
| clumping of cells, often induced by antibodies | agglutination |
| autoimmune disease resulting in inflammation in the spinal column | alkylosing spondylitis |
| antigen that induces an allergic response | allergen |
| immune response to (usually) noninfectious agent; Type I hypersensitivity. | allergy |
| graft from another member of the same species. | allograft |
| serum protein made in response to antigen; also called immunoglobulin (Ig). | antibody |
| molecule that induces antibody production; also, molecule specifically bound by antibody or TCR. | antigen |
| physical association of antigen with antibody, TCR, or MHC. | antigen binding |
| Antigen-Presenting Cell: B cell, dendritic cell, or macrophage that displays antigen on MHC for T cell activation. | APC |
| graft of tissue from one part of the body to another. | autograft |
| immune response made against self antigens. | autoimmunity |
| lymphocyte which develops in the bone marrow and binds antigen with membrane antibody (immunoglobulin). | B cell |
| granulocytic white blood cell with cytosolic granules that stain with basic dyes. | basophil |
| part of the T cell (antigen) receptor complex. CD3 transduces the antigen binding signal outside the plasma membrane into chemical signals (phosphorylation) in the cytoplasm. | CD3 |
| co-receptor on helper T cells that binds Class II MHC and participates in T cell activation by antigen. | CD4 |
| co-receptor on cytotoxic T cells that binds Class I MHC and participates in T cell activation by antigen. | CD8 |
| immunity which can be transferred between individuals with the transfer of T cells. | cellular immunity |
| movement of a cell in a chemical gradient, promoted by chemokines and anaphylatoxins. | chemotaxis |
| MHC proteins that present antigen synthesized in an infected cell's cytosol to cytotoxic T cells. | Class I MHC |
| MHC proteins that present antigen taken up in phagocytic or endocytic vesicles to helper T cells. | Class II MHC |
| collection of plasma proteins that can be activated to promote inflammation and antigen elimination. They complement (work with) antibody (note absence of "i" in this complement). | complement |
| small molecule secreted from one cell that signals another cell by binding to its specific receptor. | cytokine |
| T cell which kills virus-infected cells and tumor cells. | cytotoxic T cell |
| cell with long processes (dendrites) that presents antigen. | dendritic cell |
| toxin which is part of the bacterial structure. Usually refers to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the Gram negative outer membrane | endotoxin |
| granulocytic white blood cell with cytosolic granules that stain with acidic dyes (eosin). Eosinophils have Fc receptors for IgE and are efficient at killing worm parasites. | eosinophil |
| part of antigen bound by antibody or TCR. | epitope |
| hemolytic disease of the newborn. Rh negative mother makes anti-Rh antibody which can cross the placenta and lyse the erythrocytes of the Rh positive fetus. | erythroblastosis fetalis |
| red blood cell (RBC); carries oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs. | erythrocyte |
| process by which leukocytes move from the circulation into the tissues. | extravasation |
| immune process that kills transplanted non-self tissue. | graft rejection |
| leukocyte with a lobed nucleus and prominent cytoplasmic granules. Basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils are granulocytes. Also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). | granulocyte |
| regulatory T cell which used cytokines to stimulate B cells to produce antibodies, macrophages to become activated, or cytotoxic T cells to become effector CTL. | helper T cell |
| the process of blood cell formation. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac and the liver during early fetal development and in the bone marrow thereafter | hematopoiesis |
| lysis of erythrocytes. | hemolysis |
| molecules in the granules of mast cells which, when released, dilate blood vessels and cause smooth muscle contraction. | histamine |
| Human Leukocyte Antigen, human MHC. | HLA |
| immunity that can be transferred from one individual to another with serum; i.e., antibody formation. | humoral immunity |
| antibody, serum protein that binds antigen and facilitates its removal. | immunoglobulin |
| defense to tissue injury; may be caused by the immune system. Inflammation includes movement of blood and leukocytes into the injured area. | inflammation |
| immunity present from birth and not dependent on prior antigen exposure. Innate immunity includes physical and chemical barriers to infection, phagocytes, complement, and Natural Killer cells. | innate immunity |
| a cytokine produced by one leukocyte and acting on another. | interleukin |
| white blood cell: neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, or lymphocyte. | leukocyte |
| vessel which transports lymph and leukocytes into and out of the lymph nodes and back into the circulatory system at the vena cava | lymphatic |
| leukocyte which has specific receptors for antigen and participates in adaptive immunity. | lymphocyte |
| collections of lymphoid tissue distributed throughout the body, connected by lymphatics to the circulatory system. Antigen is taken to the lymph nodes and lymphocytes are activated there to effector cells. | lymph node |
| phagocytic white blood cell found in the tissues; the circulating form of the cell is called a monocyte. Acts as an antigen-presenting cell. | macrophage |
| Membrane Attack Complex; complement proteins which form a pore leading to cell lysis. | MAC |
| lymphocyte which can respond more quickly and efficiently to antigen than a naive lymphocyte. | memory cell |
| Major Histocompatibility Complex; refers to the proteins used to present antigen to T cells or the genes which encode them. MHC proteins on body tissues must be matched between organ donor and recipient for an organ transplant to avoid rejection. | MHC |
| white blood cell with a single (non-lobed) nucleus; lymphocytes and the circulating form of macrophages are monocytes. | monocyte |
| cytokine made by a monocyte | monokine |
| white blood cell, a granulocyte that stains with neutral dyes. The most numerous of the circulating granulocytes, phagocytoses and kills bacteria. | neutrophil |
| immunization using pre-formed antibody from another individual. | passive immunization |
| disease-causing organism | pathogen |
| cell which engulfs particles: macrophages and neutrophils are the principal phagocytes of the immune system. | phagocyte |
| process of engulfing particle. | phagocytosis |
| fluid part of the blood, containing all proteins including clotting factors. | plasma |
| This human antibody to Rh antigen given to women to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn. | Rhogam |
| IgM anti-IgG, found in the serum of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. | rheumatoid factor |
| This antigen normally present in one's own body, especially that with which the immune system has contact. | self antigen |
| This type of shock caused by immune response to an infection is called? | septic shock |
| This antigenic specificity of a pathogen ic alled? | serotype |
| The liquid part of the blood minus the clotting factors is called? | serum |
| These cells can develop into more mature functional cells is called? | stem cell |
| T cell which inhibits the function of B cells or other T cells. | suppressor T cell |
| systemic autoimmune disease characterized by facial rash (wolf-like markings, hence "lupus"), high levels of anti-DNA antibodies, and joint and kidney damage from immune complexes. | systemic lupus erythematosis |
| lymphocyte which has developed in the thymus and has membrane TCR that binds antigen plus self MHC. T cells are either helper (CD4) or cytotoxic (CD8) phenotype | T cell |
| The primary lymphoid organ in which T lymphocytes mature is called? | thymus |
| These cells which resides in the thymus is called? | thymocyte |
| The lymphoid tissue in the throat is called? | tonsils |
| This organ graft is from another species is called? | xenograft |
| Cytokines may exhibit __________ action, signaling the cells that produce them. | autocrine |
| Cytokines are NOT | antigen specific. |
| Several cytokines may have the same effect on the cells they bind. This is an example of | redundancy. |
| Characterization of cytokine activities is NOT made more difficult by their | gene structure. |
| inhibit virus replication by infected cells. | Interferons |
Created by:
Nerd