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DCE Chem Unit 3
DCE Chemistry Unit 3 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mole | the amount of substance that contains 6.02 x 10 ^23 particles |
| molar mass | the mass of 6.02 x 10^23 particles of a substance |
| period | a row (going across) in the periodic table |
| group | a column (going down) in the periodic table |
| metal | a class of elements that are generally good conductors, ductile, malleable, and shiny |
| nonmetal | a class of elements that are generally not good conductors, not ductile, not malleable, and not shiny |
| semiconductor | also known as a metalloid; an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| valence electrons | electrons that are in the highest energy level of an atom |
| alkali metal | any metal in group 1A on the periodic table |
| alkaline earth metal | any metal in grou 2A on the periodic table |
| transition metal | any of the group B elements on the periodic table |
| halogen | any nonmetal in group 7A on the periodic table |
| noble gas | any element in group 8A on the periodic table |
| atomic size | the size of an atom as measured by one half the distance between two joined atoms of the same element |
| ionization energy | the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state |
| electron affinity | the ability of an atom to attract an electron to itself |
| Periodic Law | when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties |
| Mendeleev | Russian chemist and teacher who organized the elements in a table in order of increasing atomic mass |
| electron shielding | the inner electrons of an atom repel the outer electrons, making the outer electrons feel the pull of the nucleus less |
| ion | an atom that has lost or gained electrons |
| ductile | able to be drawn into wire |
| malleable | able to be hammered into flat sheets |
| conductive | able to transfer heat or electricity through it |
| trend for atomic size | atoms get smaller as you move across a period and larger as you move down a group |
| trend for ionization energy | first ionization energy increases as you move across a period and decreases as you go move down a group |
| trend for electron affinity | the amount of energy released when an atom acquires an electron and forms a negative ion; increases as you move across a period and decreases as you move down a group |
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