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ED-D 316 Chapter 8
Communication and relational Dynamics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is interpersonal relationship | An association in which the parties meet each other's social needs to a greater or lesser degree |
| What is social exchange theory | A socioeconomic theory of relational development that suggests people seek relationships in which the rewards they receive from others are equal to or greater than the costs they encounter |
| What is relational maintenance | Communication aimed at keeping relationships operating smoothly and satisfactorily |
| What is initiating | The first stage in relational development, in which the parties express interest in one another |
| What is uncertainty reduction | The process of getting to know others by gaining more information about them |
| What is experimenting | An early stage in relational development, consisting of a search for common ground. If the experiment is successful, the relationship will progress to intensify. If not, it may go no further. |
| What is intensifying | A stage of relational development, preceding integrating, in which the parties move toward integration by increasing the amount of contact and the breadth and depth of self-disclosure |
| What is integrating | A stage of relational development in which the parties begin to take on a single identity |
| What is bonding | A stage of relational development in which the parties begin to take on a single identity |
| What is differentiating | A stage of relational development in which the parties reestablish their individual identities after having bonded together |
| What is circumscribing | Astage of relational development in which parties begin to reduce the scope of their contact and commitment to one another |
| What is stagnating | A stage of relational development characterized by declining enthusiasm and standardized forms of behaviour |
| What is avoiding | A stage of relational development immediately prior to terminating, in which the parties minimize contact with on another |
| What is terminating | The concluding stage of relational development, characterized by the acknowledgment of one or both parties that the relationship is over |
| What is dialectical tensions | Inherent conflicts that arise when two opposing or incompatible forces exist simultaneously |
| What is connection-autonomy dialectic | The dialectical tension between a desire for connection and a need for independence in a relationship |
| What is openness-privacy dialectic | The dialectical tension between a desire for open communication and the need for privacy in a relationship |
| What is relational commitment | An implied or explicit promise to remain and make a relationship successful |
| What is content message | A message that communicates information about the subject being discussed |
| What is relational message | A message that essentially makes statements about how the parties feel toward one another |
| What is affinity | The degree to which people like or appreciate one another |
| What is immediacy | The degree of interest and attention that we feel toward and communicate to others |
| WHat is respect | The social need to be held in esteem by others |
| What is control | the degree to which the parties in a relationship have the power to influence one another |
| What is metacommunication | Messages that people exchange, verbally or nonverbally, about their relationship - communication about communication |
| What is intimacy | A state of personal sharing arising from physical, intellectual, and/or emotional contact |
| What is self-disclosure | The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and not normally known by others |
| What is social penetration | A model that describes relationships in terms of their breadth and depth |
| What is breadth | The first dimension of self-disclosure, involving the range of subjects being discussed |
| What is depth | A dimension of self-disclosure involving a shift from relatively nonrevealing messages to more personal ones |
| What is Cliche | A ritualized, stock statement delivered in response to a social situation |
| What is privacy management | The choices people make to reveal or conceal information about themselves |
| What is benevolent lie | A lie defined by the teller as unmalicious or even helpful to the person to whom it is told |
| What is predictability-novelty dialectic | The dialectical tension between a desire for stability and the need for novelty in a relationship |
| Why we form relationships? | [ASCRCDPR]Appearance, similarity, complementary, reciprocal attraction, competence, disclosure, proximity, and rewards. |
| What are the stages of relational development? | Initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, bonding, differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, terminating |
| What are the three types of dialectical tensions? | Connection-autonomy dialectic Openness-privacy dialectic Predictability-novelty dialectic |
| What are the strategies for managing dialectical tensions? | Denial, disorientation, alternation, segmentation, balance, integration, recalibration, and reaffirmation. |
| What are the characteristics of relationships? | -Change constantly -Affected by culture -Require maintenance and commitment |
| What are the five strategies of maintaining relationships? | Positivity, openness, assurances, social networks, sharing takes. |
| What are the four types of relational transgressions? | -Minor vs significant -Social vs relational -Deliberate vs unintentional -One-time vs incremental |
| What are the strategies for relational repair? | 1. Talk about the violation 2. Take responsibility for transgressions |
| How to apologize? | 1. An explicit acknowledgment that the transgression was wrong 2. A sincere apology 3. Some type of compensation |
| What are the benefits of forgiveness? | Personal：reduce emotional distress & aggression, improve cardiovascular functioning Interpersonal: restore damaged relationships |
| How to forgive? | 1. An explicit statement 2. A discussion of the implications of the transgression and the future of the relationship |
| What are the two types of messages? | Content message and relational message |
| What are the four categories of relational messages? | Affinity, immediacy, respect, control. |
| What are the dimensions of intimacy? | Physical, intellectual, emotional, and shared activities. |
| How to measure the depth of disclosure? | Cliches, facts, opinions, and feelings |
| What makes the Johari Window? | Open, blind, hidden, and unknown |
| What are the benefits (reasons) of self-disclosure? | Catharsis, reciprocity, self-clarification, self-validation, identity management, relationship maintenance and enhancement, social influence |
| What are the risks of self-disclosure? | Rejection, negative impressions, a decrease in relational satisfaction, loss of influence, and hurting the other person |
| How to slef-disclose | Before disclose: moral obligation to disclose & other person is important For the content of disclosure: -appropriate amount and types -reasonable risk -relevent to situation -create constructive effect -clear and understandable -reciprocated |
| What are the four alternatives of self-disclosure? | Silence, lying, equivocating, and hinting |
| Why people lie? | save face avoid tension or conflict guide social interaction expand or reduce relationships gain power |
| People tend to accept what kinds of lies? | -Mutually advantageous -Avoiding embarrassment -Avoiding confronting an unpleasant truth -When ask the other person to lie -When expecting others to fib |
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