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chemistry intro
vocabulary and concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the standard units for quantitative measurements? | mass: gram (g) |
| length: meter (m) or centimeter (cm) | |
| Give the difference between solids | liquids |
| liquids - not compressible and does not maintain shape | |
| gasses - compressible and does not maintain shape | |
| When using the metric system | what are the common prefixes and what do they mean? |
| kilo - 10³ | |
| base unit | |
| milli - 10⁻³ | |
| micro - 10⁻⁶ | |
| nano - 10⁻⁹ | |
| What is meant by the phase of a substance? | The phase of a substance is the state of matter it is currently in |
| How are pure substances different from mixtures? | Pure substances are made of the same material throughout whereas mixtures are a combination of several different substances. |
| How is a physical process different from a chemical process? | During a physical change |
| During a chemical change | the substance you end up with is chemically different from the substance you started with. |
| What characterizes an intensive property? Give two examples. | It is a property that is true of a substance now matter the size or shape of the sample |
| Examples: density | color |
| What characterizes an extensive property? Give two examples. | It is property that is dependent on the amount or shape of a sample. |
| Examples: weight | length |
| What is density? | Density is the mass of an object per unit volume. |
| Mass/Volume | |
| Describe how the density of an object can be determined. | The density is determined by dividing the mass of an object by the volume of that object. |
| Describe the rudimentary structure of an atom. | An atom has a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons with electrons flying around in shells outside the nucleus. |
| What are the three principle subatomic particles? | -protons (+) |
| -neutrons (0) | |
| electronis (-) | |
| What is the difference between an atom | an ion |
| ion - particle that is has a charge BESIDES 0 | |
| molecule - a particle that is composed of atoms and has a charge of 0 | |
| What is the approximate mass of each of the fundamental subatomic particles? | proton - 1 amu |
| neutron - 1 amu | |
| electron - 1/1840 amu | |
| What does the abbreviation amu stand for? How many grams is 1 amu? | atomic mass unit; 1.66x10⁻²⁴ grams (inverse of avogadro's #) |
| What is meant by the term "nuclear charge?" What symbol is used? | The nuclear charge is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus and is denoted with Z. |
| ex. Z of Na = +11 | |
| What property makes two atoms members of the same element? | the number of protons |
| How can the mass of an atom be determined? | The mass of an atom is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons together. |
| What property allows two atoms of the same element to have different masses? | the number of neutrons |
| What are isotopes? | They are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. |
| What does the number under the symbol on the periodic table indicate | It indicates the average atomic mass of all of that element that occurs on earth. |
| In what ways are the elements arranged in the periodic table? | They are arranged into periods (rows) and families (columns). |
| What are the 7 diatomic elements? | H₂ |
| What are the 2 polyatomic elements? | S₈ |
| What are the names of families 1A - 8A on the periodic table? | 1a - alkali metals |
| 2a - alkaline earths | |
| 3a - aluminum family | |
| 4a - carbon family | |
| 5a - nitrogen family | |
| 6a - calcogens | |
| 7a - halogens | |
| 8a - noble gasses | |
| What is a transuranium element? | It is any element that comes after uranium in the periodic table (which are all artificial). |
| What is a transition metal? | It is a metal in any of the 'b' groups |
| What is a main group element? | An element that is not a transition metal. |
| How are the families of elements numbered? | 1-18 (or else 1a |
| In the expression 3O₂ | what does the three represent? The two? |
| What is the difference between S and S₈? | S is elemental sulfur whereas S₈ is a sulfur molecule made of eight sulfur atoms. |
| What is an empiracle formula? | It is the most reduced ratio of elements in a molecule. |
| What is a structural formula? | It represents the atoms and arrangements of bonds in a molecule |
| Name the 6 types of chemical reactions. | -Combination Rxns |
| -Decomposition Rxns | |
| -Combustion Rxns | |
| -Single Replacement Rxns | |
| -Double Replacement Rxns | |
| -Neutralization Rxns | |
| Between oxidation and reduction | which is losing electrons and which is gaining them? |
| Reduction - gaining of electrons |
Created by:
rufuspat
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