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cardio
ccrn
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how to calculate cardiac output | CO=stroke volume(ml) x heart rate |
| what percentage of the cardiac cycle is provided by the atrial kick | 20%. this is the amount given when the atria contract. |
| What is the normal value of the ejection fraction | Greater than 50%. This is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle compared to the total amount available. |
| What value does the EF most closely represent | LVEDP (left ventricular end diastolic pressure). This is the volume of blood left at the end of the contraction |
| What are the components of afterload | blood volume, viscosity and impedance |
| what are the components of stroke volume | contractility, preload and afterload |
| What is the brainbridge reflex | a reflex tachycardia caused by stretch of right atrial receptors. This is believed to exist to speed up the heart rate if the right side becomes overloaded and helps to equalize pressures in both sides. |
| diastole comprises what percent of the cardiac cycle | 2/3 |
| Mean arterial pressure | MAP= 2(DBP) + (SBP)/3 ..... This takes into account that the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle comprise two-thirds of the cycle. Patients should maintain a MAP of at least 60mmHg to ensure adequate perfusion of the brain and kidneys |
| What is the minimum the MAP can be to ensure perfusion of brain and kidneys | 60mm Hg |
| What is the normal CO | 4-8L/min |
| What is the normal CI | CI= CO/BSA |
| What is a better indicator of hemodynamic status, CI or CO | CI. CO has a broad range, however cardiac index takes into account the client's body surface area. Normal range is 2.5-4.5L/min/m2 |
| how to calculate cardiac index | CI=CO/BSA. first determine the cardiac output |
| PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance) | the resistance that the right ventricle must use to eject its volume. Normal range of 100-200 dynes/sec/cm |
| wedge pressure/occlusive pressure. PAWP/PAOP | should be 5-12 |
| what is the only definitive diagnosis of myocarditis | endomyocardial biopsy |
| What is a definite sign of myocarditis | sharp chest pain when lying flat |
| what volume of fluid is required to cause pericardial tamponade | 50-75ml |
| What is becks triad | symptoms used to diagnose tamponade. initially you'll have tachycardia. you'll have muffled heart sounds due to increased fluid, hypotension, and narrowing pulse pressure as well as distended neck vessels. |
Created by:
mapolydor