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298 Poetic Terms
Poetic Terms ENG 298
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ode | 1. a long lyric poem 2. serious subject 3. elevated in style 4. elaborate in stanzaic structure |
| Regular/Pindaric ode | Stropes & antistrophes written in one stanza pattern, all epodes in another. |
| Irregular ode/Cowleyan ode | Imitation but with each stanza with its own pattern, varying line lengths, etc. |
| encomiastic | praise/glorifies someone |
| Horatian ode | modeled on the matter, tone & form of the odes of the Roman Horace. Calm, meditative, and colloquial. Homostrophic - single repeated stanza form. |
| ambiguity | in ordinary usage, a fault in style. The use of a vague term/expression when what is wanted is precision & particularity of reference. |
| multiple meaning/plurisignation | use of a single word/expression that signifies two or more distinct references/diverse attitudes/feelings. |
| Portmanteau word | large suitcase that opens up into two equal compartments. Humpty Dumpty. 2 meanings packed up into one word. |
| stanza | a grouping of the verse lines in a poem, set off by a space in the printed text. usually a recurrent pattern of rhyme & uniform in the # and length of lines. Same metric feet and pattern of rhyme. |
| couplet | 2 rhymed lines equal in length |
| heroic couplet | iambic pentameter. 10 syllables. decasyllabic couplet. |
| tercet/triplet | stanza of 3 lines, with a single rhyme. |
| terza rima | interlinked tercets joined to the line following by a common rhyme. aba, bcb, cdc. |
| quatrain | 4 line stanza, most common. |
| ballad stanza | alternating 4 and 3 foot lines rhyming abcb or abab. when this occurs in hymns = common measure |
| heroic quatrain | iambic pentameter rhyming abab |
| rime royal | 7 lines iambic pentameter ababbcc |
| ottava rima | 8 lines, abababcc. Italian. |
| Spenserian Stanza | Edmund Spenser. 9 lines, 1st 8 iambic pentameter.9th iambic hexameter, ababbcbcc. |
| villanelle | French. 5 tercets and a quatrain. 2 rhymes. systematic later repetitions of lines 1 and 3 from the first tercet. |
| sestina | six six-line stanzas. end words in the lines of the 1st stanza are repeated in a set order of variation. Concludes with 3 line "envoy" aka "send-off" which incorporates all 6 end words. |
| sonnet | a lyric poem. single stanza of 14 iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. |
| Italian/Petrarchan sonnet | composed of an octave (8 lines) and a sestet (6 lines). problem & solution. |
| English/Shakespearean sonnet | 3 quatrains and a concluding couplet. 3 step argument, solution. |
| alliteration | repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. |
| alliterative meter | unrhymed verse, each line is divided into two half-lines of two strong stresses by a decisive pause (caesura) and at least one but usually both of the 2 stressed syllables in the first half-line alliterate with the 1st stressed syll. of the 2nd half line. |
| consonance | repetition of 2 or more consonants with a change in the intervening vowel "live-love, pitter-patter" |
| assonance | repetition of identical or similar vowels especially in stressed syllables in a sequence of nearby words. |
| rhyme | the repetition, in the rhyming words of the last stressed vowel of all the speech sounds following that vowel |
| masculine rhyme/masculine ending. | single stressed syllable "stIll, hIll, bOre, mOre. Masculine ending - end with a stressed syllable. |
| feminine rhyme/feminine ending. | stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable Ending (I unstressed, E stressed) or bEnding (I unstressed. Feminine ending - end with an extra unstressed syllable. |
| double rhyme or triple rhyme | (feminine rhyme) repetition of 2 syllables (or 3 syllables - triple) |
| forced rhyme | the poet gives the effect of seeming to surrender to a difficult rhyme. rhinoserous-prepocerous |
| perfect (true/full) rhyme | rhymed sounds are exact. serious poems are traditional for this. |
| eye rhymes | words with endings spelled alike but have acquired a different pronunciation. prove-love, daughter-laughter. |
| imperfect (partial, slant, or para-) rhyme | common in folk songs and children's verses. "lids-lads" |
| rime riche | repetition of the consonant that precedes as well as the one that follows, the last stressed vowel; the resulting pair of words are pronounced alike but have different meanings. stair, stare. night, knight. |
| memory devices/mnemonic devices | recited orally. helps the reader remember. |
| Reasons for rhyme | 1. symmetrical relationship of different aspects of the world 2. a discipline for the poet for controlled and ordered results put into a meaningful and recognizable form. 3. used to represent pattern and harmony like harmonious cosmos. |
| blank verse | unrhyming verse but still with strict metrical requirements. Renaissance. |
| iambic meter | unstressed & stressed syllables alternating regularly. |
| pentameter | each line has 5 beats |
| Prosody | the systematic analysis of the elements of meter, rhyme, and speech-sound patterns and effects in poetry. |
| meter | regular recurrence of a quantifiable pattern of speech-sounds of a language (# of feet in a line) |
| Types of meter in European languages: (first 2) | 1. quantitative - recurrent patterns of long & short syllables. 2. syllabic - # of syllables within a line without regard to # of intervening unstressed syllables. |
| Types of meter in European languages: (last 2) | 3. accentual - depending on # of stressed syllables within a line without regard to # of intervening unstressed syllables. 4. accentual-syllabic combines #2&3. recurrent pattern of stresses & syllables. Most common since 14th c. |
| metrics | study of the theory and practice of meter. |
| rhythm | the pattern of stresses in a stream of speech sounds. |
| verse | compositions written in meter |
| line | sequence of words printed as a separate entity on the page. |
| where to place stress: | 1. words more than one syllable, on the first syllable. 2. rhetorical accent - when you place emphasis on a word to give it importance. 3. metrical accent - beat we have come to expect in accordance with stress pattern. |
| wrenched accent | if the prevailing stress pattern enforces a drastic altercation of the normal word accent. |
| foot | the combination of stressed and unstressed sounds that form a unit repeated within a poetic line. |
| iambic | unstressed syllable, stressed syllable. Most common. |
| trochee | stressed, unstressed. |
| anapest | two unstressed, stressed |
| dactyl | stressed, two unstressed |
| spondee | two stressed |
| pyrrhic | two unstressed |
| rising meter, falling meter | strong stress at end. strong stress at beginning. |
| scan | to analyze poetic lines, indicating feet, stresses, and major pauses |
| end-stopped line | poetic line concluding with a natural pause, usually indicated by punctuation. |
| run-on line (enjambed lines) | poetic line in which the syntactic unit flows over into the next line, and there is no natural pause. |
| intonation | rise and fall in pitch and loudness |
| phrasal rhythms | anticipation, suspension and closure of the syntactic and semantic phrases within a verse. |
| onomatopoeia | a word or group of words whose sound resembles the sound denoted (buzz, snap,etc.) Also, a group of words that achieve the effect or experience of whatever is described. |
| monometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 feet in a line |
Created by:
EmilyAnnO28
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