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Soc Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two societies that find relationships based on history, being diffuse, and are long term | Horticultural and Agricultural Societies |
| One of the first theorists to argue that adoption of capitalism was responsible for the decline of traditional orientations to social life | Karl Marx |
| In _________ people are evaluated based on the "bottom line" | Industrial and Post-Industrial Societies |
| The early theorist who proposed religious beliefs were the key to whether or not a society embraces capitalism | Max Weber |
| The specific Protestant theology that influenced Max Weber's theories of social change and the development of The Spirit of Capitalism | Calvinism |
| The sociologist given credit for coining the concept of the McDonaldization of Society | George Ritzer |
| The experience of being cut off from the product of one's labor that results in a feeling of powerlessness | Alienation |
| The Boy Scouts, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the civic organizations, and all other organizations that people join because of mutual interest | Voluntary Associations |
| This sociologist developed the concept of the "Iron Law of Oligarchy" | Robert Michels |
| Domination of organizations by a small, self-perpetuating elite | Iron Law of Oligarchy |
| Analyst who pinpointed five ways in which Japanese corporations differ from those in the United States | William Ouchi |
| The violation of norms and rules that are written into law | Crimes |
| The relativity of deviance is most aligned with the _____________ | Symbolic Interactionism perspective |
| Erving Goffman used the term _______ to refer to characteristics that discredit people | Stigma |
| A group's formal and informal means of enforcing the norms | Social Control |
| Explanations of deviance that focus on genetic predispositions to explain why individuals commit deviant acts are most aligned with the _________ discipline | Biology |
| Sociologist that developed the Differential Association Theory | Edwin Sutherland |
| The most likely background shared by juvenile delinquents is that _______________ | they are from families that have a history of being involved with crime |
| Two disciplines that would be most concerned with addressing qualities within the individual to explain deviant behavior | Sociobiology and Psychology |
| Significance of names or reputations given to the people when they engage in certain types of behaviors is the focus of the ______ theory | Labeling |
| In every society from hunting and gathering society to the post-industrial society, _____ has been the most common basis for social stratification | Gender |
| The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige | Social Stratification |
| Slavery would most likely exist in ___________ | Agricultural Society |
| Three major causes of slavery prior to the 17th century | Crime, debt, war |
| System of beliefs that justifies a particular social arrangement such as slavery | Ideology |
| In some societies, closely related members of the ruling class and those who are the wealthiest marry to preserve their power and wealth within the family. This practice is known as _________ | Endogamy |
| Sociologist who believed that social class is actually made up of three components: property, power, prestige | Max Weber |
| The ability to control others, even over their objections | Power |
| Three variables that Max Weber identified as defining the social class | Wealth, power, and prestige |
| When used by sociologists, the term "wealth", refers to both ____________ | property owned and income made by the person less debts |
| The average per capita annual income in the United States that includes every American is _______ | $35,000 year |
| The sociologist who coined the term "the power elite" | C. Wright Mills |
| The class of people who are more likely to feel that the government should intervene in the economy to make citizens more financially secure | Working class |
| Party that usually consists of members who are from the upper class | Republican |
| The relationship between one's social class and their chances of being a victim of a crime | Inverse |
| Would be most affected by the export of American manufacturing jobs to Mexico and Pacific Rim nations | Lower Middle class |
| The upward or downward movement in social class by family members from one generation to the next | Intergenerational mobility |
| The strongest variable in developing correlations to which social groups are in poverty | Race/Ethnicity |
| Gender is especially significant sociologically because ______________ | it is a master status cutting across all aspects of life |
| The unequal access to power, prestige, and property based on a person's sex | Gender stratification |
| The notion of gender refers to a sociological characteristics, but the concept of sex refers to ________ characteristics | Biological |
| The normal chromosome configuration for a male | XY |
| Proposed the concept that women are much better prepared biologically for mothering than men | Alice Rossi |
| A group of people with inherited physical characteristics that distinguishes it from another group | Race |
| The massacre of Native Americans in the 1800's, the extermination of the Jews in Nazi Germany, and the slaughter of the Tutsis in Rwanda | Genocide |
| Ashley Montagu, a physical anthropologist, classified humans into ____ different racial groups | 40 |
| While race might reflect our biological heritage, ______ reflects our cultural heritage | Ethnicity |
| Used to define groups of people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination | Minority Group |
| Used to describe the concept that America is a melting pot | Ethnic Stew |
| The concept that refers to the use of labels which cause people to look at a members of a group as though they were all alike | Selective Perception |
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allison8988