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Acids/Bases/Salts
Regents Chem - Acids/Bases/Salts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acid | proton donor. Has hydrogen (H+) or hydronium (H3O+) as the only positive ion in a solution |
| Base | proton acceptor. Has hydroxide (OH-) as the only negative ion in solution. |
| Ternary acids | Acid containing an ion from table E. It ends with "ic," or "ous." |
| Acids on the pH scale | pH lower than 7. The lower you go, the stronger the acid. Each number is a 10x change in [H+]. Strong acids have [H+] is greater than [OH-] |
| Bases on the pH scale | pH higher than 7. The higher you go, the stronger the base is. Strong bases have [OH-] is greater than [H+] |
| Compare a pH 4 to pH of 6 | pH 4 is 100x more acidic or 100x less basic. PH 4 has 100x more [H+] |
| Amphiprotic (amphoteric). PH’s around neutral so this substance can act as acid or base, depending on what it’s combined with. | PH’s around neutral so this substance can act as acid or base, depending on what it’s combined with. |
| Neutralization | acid + base makes salt + water. pH approaches neutral. |
| Electrolysis of salts | salt + water makes acid + base. If acid and base produced are both strong it will be neutral; If acid is stronger, pH will still be acidic. If base is stronger will be basic. |
| Indicators | chemicals on table M that tell us the pH. |
| Binary acids | Acid containing H+ and just one other element. Name starts with "hydro" and ends in "ic." |
| Buffer | A chemical that resists changes in pH by neutralizing small amounts of added acid or base, keeping the pH of the solution relatively stable |
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