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The Quantum Atom
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Sphere shaped orbitals | s orbitals |
dumbbell shaped orbitals | p orbitals |
number of p orbital shapes | three (x, y, z) |
number of d orbitals | five |
maximum number of electrons in an orbital | two |
states that two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spin | Pauli Exclusion Principle |
the charge on an atom if it gains electrons | negative |
the charge on an atom if it loses electrons | positve |
an atom that gains or loses electrons | ion |
uses a chemical symbol with dots to represent the number of valence electrons | Lewis structure |
the electrons in the outer most energy level | valence electrons |
states that an atom gains, loses, or shares electrons until it has eight valence electrons | Octet Rule |
states that electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first | aufbau prinicple |
states that when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy they do not pair up until they are forced to. They will have the same direction of spin. | Hund's Rule |