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Mythology
october 24
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| greek version of creation | chaos> erebus and night >love > light and day > earth and heaven |
| Titans | elder gods; immortal, before the Olympians; associated with various planets; overthrown by Olympians; enormous in size and incredible strength |
| Cronus | associated with Saturn;leader; Zeus' father; father time; thrown over by Zeus |
| Rhea | queen of universe; due to prophesy - one of his children would overthrow- he swallowed all but Rhea hid Zeus; Zeus later forced Cronus to disgorge all children |
| Ocean | the river that was suppose to encircle the earth |
| Hyperion | father of sun, moon and dawn |
| Mnemosyne | memory; mother of the muses |
| Iapetus | important - father of Atlas and Prometheus |
| Atlas | bore the world on his shoulders |
| Prometheus -1 | protector and benifactor of man. He gave mankind a number of gifts including fire. He also tricked Zeus into allowing man to keep the best part of the animals scarificed to the gods and to give the gods the worst parts. |
| Prometheus -2 | Zeus punished Prometheus - chained to a rock with an eagle tearing at his liver. He was to be left there for all eternity or he agreed to disclose to Zeus which of Zeus children would try to replace him; rescued by Hercules without giving in to Zeus. |
| Epimetheus | stupid Titan, whose name means "afterthought" delegated, along with his brother Prometheus by Zeus to create mankind. He also accepted the gift of Pandora from Zeus, which lead to the introduction of evil into the world |
| Olympians | group of 12 gods who ruled after the overthow of the Titans. All the Olympians are related in some way. They are named after their dwelling place Mount Olympus. |
| Zeus who | god of the sky and ruler of the Olympian gods. He then drew lots with his brothers Poseidon and Hades. Zeus won the draw and became the supreme ruler of the gods. |
| Zeus weapon/married | He is lord of the sky, the rain god. His weapon is a thunderbolt which he hurls at those who displease him. married to Hera but, is famous for his many affairs. |
| Zeus known for | He is also known to punish those that lie or break oaths.He was the rain god, and the cloud gatherer, who wielded the terrible thunderbolt. |
| Zeus breast plat | His breastplate was the aegis, his bird the eagle, his tree the oak. He is represented as the god of justice and mercy, the protector of the weak, and the punisher of the wicked. |
| Hera | Zeus wife and sister. She was raised by the Titans Ocean and Tethys. Shea is the supreme goddess, goddess of marriage and childbirth and takes special care married woman |
| Hera -animal | jealous revenge for Zeus's infidelities with mortals- turns into cows. Her sacred animals are the cow and the peacock. Her favorite city is Argos. |
| Demeter | goddess of corn, grain, and the harvest. daughter of Cronus and Rhea. It is Demeter that makes the crops grow each year. The first loaf of bread from the harvest is sacrificed to her. goddess of the earth, of agriculture, and of fertility in general |
| Demeter | Her daughter Persephone was kidnapped by Hades, Demeter then prevented crops from growing in the winter. |
| Hestia | Goddess of the home, the family hearth is dedicated to her |
| Poseidon | The god of the sea, brother of Zeus |
| Hades | God of the Underworld, kidnapped Persephone, brother of Zeus. |
| Ares | The god of war, least favorite among the 12 Olympians, his animal is the dog |
| Athena | Goddess of wisdom, Zeus's favorite child, her animal is the owl. |
| Apollo | The god of light, music, and healing |
| Aphrodite | Goddess of love and beauty |
| Hermes | Guides souls to the Underworld, the messenger of the gods, god of commerce and the market, his symbol is the Abacus and his winged sandals. |
| Artemis | God of the hunt, Apollo's twin sister, resisted marriage. |
| Hephaestus | God of forge, one of the most favorite gods out of the 12 Olympians, lives inside a volcano |
| Dionysus | God of wine, can be both loving or cruel, because wine can be good or bad. |
| Eros | Eros is the son of Aphrodite. Eros is the god of love. In particular erotic, romantic, love. He is often represented blindfolded because love is often blind. His "weapon" is darts or arrows. In either case the tips have been magically treated to produce e |
| Hebe | Hebe is the daughter of Zeus and Hera. She is the goddess of youth. She, along with Ganymede are the cup bearers to the gods. Hebe is Hercules wife. |
| The Graces | The Graces They are the daughters of Zeus and Eurynome. There are three Graces: Aglaia (Splendor), Euphrosyne (Mirth), and Thalia (Good Cheer). The are known for singing and dancing for the gods. |
| The Muses | Clio (History), Urania (Astronmy), Melpomene (Tragedy), Thalia (Comedy), Terpsichore (Dance), Calliope (Epic Poetry), Erato (Love Poetry), Polyhymnia (Songs to the Gods), Euterpe (Lyric Poetry) |
| Dike | The goddess of justice |
| Nike | The goddess of athleticism |
| Nemesis | Nemesis means righteous anger, due enactment, or devine vengence. This god helped to avenge those who were wronged. |
| Pontus | ancient, pre-Olympian sea-god. a personification of the Mediterranean Sea |
| Nereus | the eldest son of Pontus (the Sea) and Gaia (the Earth), a Titan; aid heroes such as Heracles |
| triton | the messenger of the sea. He is the son of Poseidon and Amphitrite;represented as a merman;wisted conch shell, on which he blew like a trumpet to calm or raise the waves |
| Proteus | early sea-god or god of rivers and oceanic bodies of water, one of several deities whom Homer calls the "Old Man of the Sea': god of "elusive sea change; can foretell the future answer only to someone who is capable of capturing him- change form |
| Naiads | nymph (female spirit) who presided over fountains, wells, springs, streams, brooks and other bodies of freshwater. |
| Nereids | sea nymphs (female spirits of sea waters), the fifty daughters of Nereus and Doris, sisters to Nerites. They were distinct from the mermaid-like Sirens. They often accompany Poseidon and can be friendly and helpful to sailors fighting perilous storms |
| tartarus the place | The Underworld zone of eternal torment, where greatest sinners were punished for their transgressions. The worst those who had sinned against the gods themselves. The greatest crime of all was to abuse the gods' hospitality |
| tartarus person | invited to share not just Zeus's table but the great god's secrets; dared to tell these secrets to his fellow mortals; thirsts for the water that recedes from his reach. |
| erebus | primordial deity, representing the personification of darkness; born from Chaos;egion of the Greek underworld where the dead had to pass immediately after dying |
| Charon | ferryman of Hades who carries souls of the newly deceased across the rivers Styx and Acheron that divided the world of the living from the world of the dead. A coin to pay Charon for passage, was placed in or on the mouth or soul was lost in limbo |
| Cerberus | multi-headed (usually three-headed) dog, or "hellhound" [1][3][4] which guards the gates of the Underworld, to prevent those who have crossed the river Styx from ever escaping |
| 3 judges of underworld | souls then appear before a panel of three judges, Rhadamanthus, Minos, and Aeacus, who pass sentence. The very good go to the Elysian Fields. Others are singled out for special treatment. Sisyphus and Tantalus being prime examples of the later. |
| Elysian Fields | where the good dead go |
| rivers of underworld | The Acheron (river of woe), The Cocytus (river of lamentation), The Phlegethon (river of fire), The Styx (river of unbreakable oath by which the gods swear), and The Lethe (river of forgetfulness) |
| The Lethe (river of forgetfulness) | (river of forgetfulness) |
| The Styx | (river of unbreakable oath by which the gods swear |
| The Phlegethon | (river of fire) |
| The Cocytus | (river of lamentation) |
| The Acheron | (river of woe), |
| Erinynes | the furies; pursue, persecute" sometimes referred to as "infernal goddesses" were female deities of vengeance |
| sleep | hypnos; represented as a gentle young man, usually with wings attached to his temples or shoulders |
| death | THANATOS was the god of non-violent death. His touch was gentle, likened to that of his twin brother Hypnos . Violent death was the domain of Thanatos' blood-craving sisters, the Keres, spirits of slaughter and disease |
| pan | son of Hermes and Penelope; god of flocks and shepherds;human in appearnce but, with goat horns and goat feet. He is an excellent musician and plays the pipes;always in pursuit of one of the nymphs but, always rejected because he is ugly |
| silenus | companion and tutor to the wine god Dionysus; man of the forest with the ears of a horse and sometimes also the tail and legs of a horse; jovial old man riding a donkey too drunk to walk |
| Castor and Pollux | twins Castor was killed, Pollux asked Zeus to let him share his immortality with his twin to keep them together, transformed into the constellation Gemini. the patrons of sailors, to whom they appeared as St. Elmo's fire, associated with horsemanship. |
| Sileni | |
| Satyrs | male companions of Pan and Dionysus with goat-like (caprine) features, including a goat-tail, goat-like ears, and sometimes a goat-like phallus |
| Dryads | dryad (/ˈdraɪ.æd/; Greek: Δρυάδες, sing.: tree nymph, that is a female spirit of a tree; dryads are specifically the nymphs of oak trees;very shy creatures |
| Hamdryads | integral part of their trees, such that if the tree died, the hamadryad associated with it died as well. For these reasons, dryads and the Greek gods punished any mortals who harmed trees without first propitiating the tree-nymphs |
| Aeolus | god of the wind and the keeper of The Anemoi on his own island of Aeolia.When Odysseus came to his island, he gave him a bag which contained the four winds so he could get home safely. They opened the bag all the way and were blown back to the island |
| Boreas | Greek god of North Wind. He was also the god of winter |
| Zephyr | god of the west wind, one of the four directional Anemoi (Wind-Gods). He was also the god of spring, |
| Notus | god of the south wind and summer |
| Eurus | god of the east wind and sautumn |
| Centaurs | body of a horse but, in place of the horse's head the have the torso, head and arms of a man. Most are wild and savage, known for lustfulness and drunkeness. The exception is the wise Centaur Chiron (immortal) |
| Gorgons | female monsters with snakes for hair. Their faces are so ugly that any man that see the face will turn to stone |
| Graiae | sisters of the Gorgons, Perseus made help seizing the one eye and one tooth they shared and not returning them until they provided him with winged sandals , the cap of Hades , a curved sword to decapitate Medusa, and a bag to conceal the head |
| Sirens | Beautiful half-woman, half-birdlike creatures who sang such sweet songs that listeners forgot everything and died of hunger. The Sirens are sisters who lure sailors to their death |
| the Fates | have the subtle but awesome power of deciding a man's destiny. They assign a man to good or evil. Their most obvious choice is choosing how long a man lives. There are three Fates. The Fates are old and predate the gods |
| Atropos, | she who cannot be turned, who at death with her shears cuts the thread of life. |
| Clotho, | the spinner, who spins the thread of life. |
| Lachesis, | the measurer, who choses the lot in life one will have and measures off how long it is to be. |
| Persephone | daughter of Zeus and Demeter. She was the goddess of springtime and, after her abduction by Hades she became his wife and Queen of the underworld |
| Chaos | myth of creation, the dark, silent abyss from which all things came into existence;generated the solid mass of Earth, from which arose the starry, cloud-filled Heaven. Mother Earth and Father Heaven, were the parents of the Titans. |
| Gaea | mother and wife of Father Heaven, Uranus. They were the parents of the first creatures, the Titans, the Cyclopes, and the Giants - the Hecatoncheires |
| Ouranos | also Uranus;first ruler of the universe, created by Gaea when she emerged from Chaos. Ouranos, with Gaea, became the father of the Titans, the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires |
| cyclops | gigantic one eyed monsters. The most famous is Polyphemus, the Cyclops blinded by Odysseus. Arges (thunderbolt), Steropes (lightning), and Brontes (thunder), obviously storm gods.They were born to Gaea and Uranu |
| hundred-handed monsters | Strong, proud monsters hundred hands and fifty heads growing from their shoulders. Hecatonchires |
| Hecatonchires | took later on revenge on Uranus by taking part in the Titanomachy (the battle of the Olympian gods against the Titans) , where they made use of their many hands to throw rocks at the Titans. |
| Giants | 24 frightful monsters ;conceived during the castration Uranus when his blood dripped onto the earth ; demigods, but not immortal. tall as mountains ; strength. body was hairy, end lizard's tail, and their feet were formed from dragons' scale |
| Typhon | grisly monster with a hundred dragons’ heads who was conquered and cast into the underworld by Zeus. In other accounts, he was confined in the land of the Arimi in Cilicia or under Mount Etna or other volcanic regions, where he was the cause of eruption |
| Pandora | first woman who was formed out of clay by the gods;endow her with the beauty and cunning |
| Pandora's box | Epimetheus, younger brother of Prometheus, When received into his house, Pandora opened the pithos Zeus had given her wedding present,released the swarm of evil spirits trapped within; ever afterwards plague mankind. Only Elpis (Hope) remained behind, |
| the sea | large inland sea we call the Black Sea; originally called Axenos (Axine) by the Greeks and then later called Euxine |
| Cimmerians | Mythical people who lived in constant darkness in North-Western Europe; per Homer mythical people described by Homer as inhabiting a land of perpetual darkness |
| Hyperboreans | mythical people connected with the worship of Apollo at Delphi and of Artemis at Delos. named with reference to Boreas, the north wind, and their home was placed in a paradisal region in the far north, “beyond the north wind.” They lived for 1,000 years; |
| Ethiopians | Upper Nile region, as well as all the regions south of the Sahara desert. Its earliest mention is in the works of Homer: twice in the Iliad,[1] and three times in the Odyssey.[2] referred to as uninhabital |
| 5 races of men | Hesiod tells a Greek creation story that traces the lineage of mankind through 5 successive "ages" or "races" from the "Golden Age" to the present "Iron Age |
| golden age | first race of mortals. This golden race was created by the gods. Men who did not grow old, and lived during an era of endless abundance and prosperity. mortals in time died peaceful deaths. After death, wander the earth as benevolent spirits |
| silver age | followed gold silver race are characterized as foolish and immature. However, their fatal flaw was much worse - they refused to worship the gods and goddesses. This was enough to anger Zeus, and so he destroyed the silver race of mortal |
| bronze age | 3rd;Black death claimed them for all their fierceness, and they left the bright sunlight behind them” (lines 155-6). Essentially, these mortals destroyed each other with their weapons of bronze |
| hero age | “better and more just";not just heroes - demigods as well. The Works and Days includes references to some of the legendary men who fought in the Trojan War;only Age not associated with a type of metal |
| iron age | last race of men he lists in his Works and Days the race of iron, and counts himself among its number, for his was the Age of Iron. It is a time of turmoil, and strife, and sadness for mortal |
| Pyrrha and Deucalion | Founding and Flood Myth of the Ancient Greeks. flood is a means to punish mankind. |
| Pyrrha and Deucalion flood myth | warned by his father, titan Prometheus, D built an ark to survive the Bronze Age-ending flood that Zeus send to punish mankind for its wickedness. D wife, Pyrrha survived for 9 days of flooding landing at Mt. Parnassus. All alone in the world they wanted |
| stone people | p and D wanted company. answer to this need, the titan /prophecy Themis cryptically told them to throw the bones of their mother behind them. meaning "throw stones over their shoulders onto Mother Earth," and did so. The stones D threw = men and those P = |
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