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Surveying, Test #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The previous definition for surveying was “the science of determining the ____ and _____ of the earth’s surface by the measurement” | dimensions/ contour |
| Surveying is now combined with which 3 disciplines? | mapping (cartography), remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS). |
| Surveying, mapping (cartography), remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS) are the four pillars of? | Geomatics |
| It means “measuring the earth” | Geomatics |
| The collection of data using various instrumentation is | The new definition of surveying |
| Early surveying cannot be separated from the development of the following 3 subjects | astronomy, astrology, or mathematics. |
| Which term is derived from the Greek word meaning “earth measurement” | geometry |
| What, historically, creates a demand for the means of measuring the earth? | Property ownership - distinguishing one person’s land from another. |
| What are legal, parcel or boundary surveys? | Land surveys |
| Site plans are also known as? | Topographic surveys |
| Construction surveys are also known as? | engineering surveys |
| T/F: Photogrammetric, Hydrographic and Remote-sensing are considered as types of surveys? | True |
| A type of survey of a small area? | Plane survey |
| A type of survey where North-south lines are assumed parallel (grid) and do not converge at the poles? | Plane survey |
| A survey used for farms, subdivisions, buildings up to 20 ha in area? | Plane survey |
| A type of survey over large areas? | Geodetic Surveys |
| A type of survey adjusted for the curved shape of the earth surface | ? Geodetic Surveys |
| A type of survey that allows for convergence of the meridians? | Geodetic Surveys |
| A type of survey used by government agencies and ministries for natural resources management and science? | Geodetic Surveys |
| Equipment: | |
| Modern _________ makes surveying economically competitive, except on a small scale. | equipment |
| Equipment should be maintained and adjusted, but always use _____ _____ methods of measurement in the field. | error checking |
| The collection of data defining characteristics of the earth’s surface without coming into contact with it is? | Remote-sensing |
| Taking survey data and remotely sensed data and creating maps and plots is? | Cartography |
| What ties together surveying, remote-sensing, and cartography? | Geographic information systems (GIS) |
| Digital files data are downloaded from? | data loggers |
| What is the most important aspect of surveying? | Recording field notes |
| All the care that is taken in making field measurements can be ____ in the transcription to the field notes. | lost |
| A clear, legible, chronological record is a part of? | Taking field notes |
| That part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the eye is sensitive? | Visible light |
| Frequencies below the visible portion of the spectrum? | Infrared light |
| The reflector with several retro-directive glass cube corner prism? | Electro-optical instrument, reflector |
| Very powerful single-color beam of light. Low intensity light is amplified. | Laser |
| Electromagnetic radiation between infrared and shortwave radio? | Microwave |
| This instrument measures up to 15 km, most measure up to 2 to 5 km? | Infrared |
| This instrument is a time-pulse infrared signal which is transmitted by a diode? | Laser |
| This instrument’s measurement requires the time for signal to travel to and from an object? | Laser |
| This instrument is used with or without prisms: 2m to 300 m without a prism/over 5 km with prisms? | Laser |
| This instrument is best for walls, tunnels, stockpiles, shorelines? | Laser |
| This instrument method requires two instruments: a transmitting and receiving system? | Microwave |
| It is described by the horizontal angle that it makes with a reference line or a direction? | Direction of a line |
| It is usually referred to a fixed line of reference, a Meridian (lines of longitude which converge at the poles)? | Direction |
| Three types of meridians: | ? Astronomic, Magnetic, Assumed |
| These pass through the north and south poles | Astronomic meridians |
| These are referred to as Polaris (Northstar, geodetic, true) | Astronomic meridians |
| Angles that can be read to targets (e.g. prism pole) at any distance | Horizontal Angles |
| Given in control surveys for aerial photo surveys and remote-sensing | Horizontal Angles |
| The angles are often read over long distances, often 60 km | Horizontal Angles |
| A system in which the circumference of circles is divided into 360 parts or degrees is used. The degrees are further divided into minutes and seconds? | Sexagesimal system |
| The National Geodetic Survey uses the ____ ____ for angles and directions, and may be written in DMS? | Sexagesimal system |
| A system in which the circle is divided into 400 parts called gon? | Centesimal system |
| T/F: 100 gon equal 90°? | True |
| Another measure of angles frequently used for calculation purposes, and is defined as the angle inscribed at the center of a circle by an arc length exactly equal to the radius of the circle? | The radian |
| The circumference of the circle equals 2π its radius, and thus there are 2π radians in a circle. | The radian |
| T/F: One radian equals 57.30°? | True |
| Gives the direction of a line from the reference meridian (line of longitude)? | Azimuths |
| A line can be given in one of two directions: a forward direction or a back direction? | Azimuths |
| Another way to give the direction of a line from the reference meridian, these are in four quadrants? | Bearings |
| This given direction reference the north/south ends of the Meridian? | Bearings |
| When calculating the reverse or back bearing/azimuth is often required, 1808 is either added or subtracted. This is for back bearing/azimuth? | Azimuth |
| When calculating the reverse or back bearing/azimuth is often required, the quadrant is changed to the opposite quadrant. This is for back bearing/azimuth? | Bearing |
| The lines from point to point are called? | traverse lines |
| The points at the junctions of the connected traverse lines are called? | stations |
| May be defined as a series of successive straight lines that are connected together? | traverse lines |
| They may be closed, as are the boundary lines of a piece of land, or they may be open, as for highway, railroad, or other route surveys? | traverse lines |
| An angle that is enclosed by the sides of a closed traverse? | An interior angle |
| An angle that is not enclosed by the sides of closed traverse? | An exterior angle |
| An angle that is the clockwise angle between the preceding line and the next line of a Traverse? | An angle to the right |
| This angle is obtained by citing back to the previous point and measuring the clockwise angle? | An angle to the right |
| The angle between the extension of the preceding line and the present one? | A deflection angle |
| It is necessary to label a ____ ____ as being either right or left? | A deflection angle |
| The use of this type of angle permits easy visualization of traverses and facilitates their representation on paper, or the calculation of successive bearings or azimuths is simplified? | A deflection angle |
| It is defined as the plus or minus angle from the horizontal plane? | Vertical angle |
| It is the angle from a vertical line (above your head) to the line in question? | A Zenith angle |
| It is solar noon? | A Zenith angle |
| The vertical angle directly below (i.e. used air photos)? | Nadir |
| A way for a surveyor to ensure required accuracies are achieved and mistakes eliminated? | Latitudes and Departures |
| Repeating measurements in the field and/or mathematical techniques are? | Ways for a surveyor to check measurements |
| For this error checking method, it is the North/South rectangular component of a line. North is considered positive and South is considered negative? | Latitude |
| For this error checking method, it is the East/West rectangular component of a line. East is considered positive and West is considered negative? | Departure |
| If the plus latitudes equal the minus latitudes and the plus departures equal the minus departures. It means that? | The survey is perfectly measured (angles and distances) |
| This term refers to the degree of perfection obtained in measurements. It denotes how close a given measurement is to the true value of the quantity? | accuracy |
| This term refers to the degree of refinement with which a given quantity is measured. In other words, it is the closeness of one measurement to another? | Precision |
| These errors occur because no surveyor has perfect senses of sight and touch? | Personal Errors |
| These errors occur because instruments cannot be manufactured perfectly in the different parts of the instrument cannot be adjusted exactly with respect to each other? | Instrumental Errors |
| ____ and ____ and ____ of the instruments causes additional error. | Time and wear and tear |
| These errors are caused by temperature, wind, moisture, magnetic variations, and so on.? | Natural Errors |
| The surveyor cannot normally remove the cause of this type of error, but can minimize their effects by using good judgment in making proper mathematical corrections of the results? | Natural Errors |
| This error is one that, for constant conditions, remains the same as to size and magnitude? | Systematic Error |
| Also known as a cumulative error? | Systematic Error |
| This error is one whose magnitude and direction is just an accident and beyond the control of the surveyor? | Random Error |
| The variance in this type of error tends, to a certain degree, to cancel each other or compensate for each other. Also known as accidental or compensating error? | Random Error |
| First evidence of property surveys in Quebec (banks of St-Lawrence) occur as early as? | 1650. |
| Brilliant French surveyors and mappers surveyed until the fall of Quebec City. Who are they? | Champlain, Jolliet, de Villeneuve |
| By June 1758 when the English defeated the French at the fortress of Louisbourg, the names of mappers changed to? | Samuel Holland, James Cook and John Collins. |
| In 1763, James Cook sketched the…? | Island of Nfld |
| In 1871 a reconnaissance of the country west of the Great Lakes to explore the possibilities of a railway to the Pacific Ocean By who? | Sir Sandford Fleming. |
Created by:
ctherria