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PMA exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| where and when was Joseph pilates born | Dec 8 1880, Düsseldorf Germany |
| As a child Joseph suffered from what diseases? | rickets, asthma, and rheumatic fever |
| To overcome his childhood diseases joseph undertook which activities? | body building, gymnastics, skiing, diving. |
| what were his parents occupation | father gymnast, mother naturopath |
| when and why did pilates travel to England? | 1912 to either pursue boxing or join the circus. |
| In what year was pilates interned? | 1914. |
| In what year did joseph travel to america? | 1925 |
| what are the names of joe's two books and year they were published | your health 1934, return to life 1945 |
| in what year was the fire that burned his studio at 939 8th ave? | jan 1966 |
| when did Joe pilates die? | october 1967 at age 87 |
| what year did clara pilates retire and when did she die? | retired 1970, died 1976 |
| What are the 3 guiding pilates priciples | whole body health, whole body commitment, breath |
| what are the 8 pilates movement principles | whole body movement,breathing, balanced muscle development, concentration, control, centering, precision, rhythm |
| name the 13 goals and benefits | coordination,strenth,mobility,efficient movement,flowing movement,proper posture,mental/spiritual rejuvenation,selfawareness,selfconfidence,restoration of animal movement, integration of mindbodyspirit, sense of well being, enhanced quality of life |
| what is the front of the chair? | the pedal side |
| what is the front of the reformer? | the bar side |
| what is the physiology and structure of bones? | calcified connective tissue consisting of osteocytes, ground substance and collagen fibers |
| what are long bones? list some examples | longer than they are wide. include clavivle humerus, radius, ulna, femur, metacarpales and phalanges |
| what are short bones? list some examples | shaped like cuboids and found in the wrist and ankle |
| list some examples of flat bones | ribs, sternum, scapulae, skull |
| what are irregular bones? list some examples | bones of mixed shapes. Skull, vertebrae and coxal bones |
| what are sesamoid bones? | develop in certain tendons and work to reduce friction on the tendon, protecting them from excessive wear. |
| what is osteomechanics? | voluntary movements: flexion, abduction, rotation ect |
| what is a component motion? | accompany active motion, but are not voluntary. eg: upward rotation of scaps, rotation of fibula that occurs with ankle motion. |
| what is arthrokinematics? | joint play between joint surfaces as well as distendibility in a joint capsule. eg:distraction, sliding, compression, rolling, spinning. |
| where is hyalin cartilage found? | between the manubrium and the sternum |
| Where is fibrocartilage found? | it is the disc between the vertebrae |
| name the 6 muscles of respiration | diaphragm, intercostals, scalenes, levator costarum, transverse abdominus, pelvic floor |
| name the 5 spine extensors | erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, multifidi, trapezius, rhomboids |
| name 4 spine flexors | rectus abdominus, external and internal obliques, transverse abdominus |
| name 6 hip flexors | psoas,illiacus,TFL,IT band,sartorius, rectus femoris |
| name 4 hip extensors | glutes,biceps femoris, semimembranosis, semitendonosis |
| name 4 internal hip roators | glute min, glute med, TFL, gracilis |
| name 6 external hip rotators | piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus inferior, gemellus superior, quatratus femoris |
| name 5 arm flexors | anterior deltoid, pec major, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, subscapularis |
| name 3 arm extensors | posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major |
| name 4 arm abductors | deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, long heads biceps |
| sagittal plane. | divedes body into left and right sides. flexion and extension |
| frontal/coronal plane | divides body into front and back. adduction and abduction |
| transverse plane | divides body into top and bottom. medial and lateral rotation. |
| agonist | produces a given movement. brings two bones closer together. a bicep curl produces "agony" |
| antagonist | produces the opposite movement. muscle relaxes and lengthens. "anti-agony" |
| spodylolisthesis | an instability in the lower lumbar which causes an anterior vertebral displacement. avoid all spinal extension |
| stenosis | narrowing of the spinal canal or nerve root canals, compromising the spinal cord or nerve roots. avoid extension of the spine. |
| contraindications for herniated or bulged disc | spinal flexion, or strong spinal rotation |
| contraindications for osteopenia and osteporosis | avoid flexion, rotation and side bending |
Created by:
olson_lauren